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EN
The aim of this paper is to characterize and dispute the cultural stereotypes and prejudices against the Indians depicted in the writings of Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), one of the most popular British novelists of the Victorian era. The starting point for these reflections is George Orwell’s essay in which he describes Kipling as a racist and imperialist as well as a morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting figure. To verify this view the present author undertakes an analysis of the cultural stereotypes and prejudices embedded in the selected novels by Kipling. In reconsidering Kipling’s works, she traces the connections between his own world-view and the negative reception of Indians within the Anglo-Indian community by which he was largely shaped. The paper concludes by supporting Orwell’s criticism and demonstrating how Kipling reinforced the stereotype of an Indian, thus reflecting the cultural cliché widespread among the xenophobic and conservative Anglo-Indians in the 19th century
EN
The aim of this article is to reveal the relationship between the author of the first dystopia, Yevgeny Zamyatin and a totalitarian regime, by means of analyzing the biography and selected works of that writer; the analysis of the novel We – a prophecy novel, which can be regarded as an exaggerated depiction of the Stalinist regime; the analysis of the influence Zamyatin’s novel had on – far more famous – works by George Orwell and Aldous L. Huxley, as well as on the anti-utopia genre (dystopian literature) in general.
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