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EN
The article describes Jehovah’s Witnesses women as one of less remembered groups among victims of the Nazi regime. What is pointed out, first of all, is the state of research ontheir history, especially pertaining to their camp experience, Western literature on the subject and a negligible number of Polish research works devoted to the topic in question, and also some methodological dilemmas related to researching it. The author presents the circumstances of German Jehovah’s Witnesses after Hitler’s seizure of power, their subsequent persecutions, and also – reconstructed on the basis of documents, witnesses reports, and the members of persecuted group themselves – the fate of female followers of this religion (“the purple triangles”) in concentration camps. The author’s main points of focus are, described by witnesses/beholders/onlookers of the events, acts and attitudes of “the purple triangles” marked by strong spirituality, at the same time unbreakable/intransigent in their defiance of/against violence and the authorities’ orders. (Everybody knew that Jehovah’s Witnesses could have basically “sign off” from the camp by putting their signature at the bottom of a declaration that they would renounce their faith and cease to practise their religion.) Such a defiance may be better understood, the author claims, by interpreting it in the light of the anthropological concept of emotional communities.
EN
The article concerns the fate of men from the village of Bandysie (Ostroleka county), arrested by the Germans on October 3, 1944. It is based on protocols of witness statements that were collected during the IPN investigation in 2009– 2011. It presents how the families of the murdered obtained information about their fate after their arrest. It presents the factors behind the lack of full knowledge of the families about the fate of the arrested. It shows the difficulties faced by people trying to determine the fate of farmers from Bandysie deported to the camps.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy losów mężczyzn ze wsi Bandysie (pow. ostrołęcki), aresztowanych przez Niemców w dniu 3 października 1944 r. Opiera się na protokołach zeznań świadków, które zostały zebrane w czasie śledztwa IPN w latach 2009– 2011. Prezentuje w jaki sposób rodziny zamordowanych pozyskiwały informacje na temat ich losów po aresztowaniu. Przedstawia czynniki, które stały za brakiem pełnej wiedzy rodzin o losach aresztowanych. Ukazuje trudności, z którymi musiały się mierzyć osoby próbujące ustalić losy wywiezionych do obozów rolników z Bandyś.
PL
Zofia Garlicka urodziła się 19 czerwca 1874 r. w Niżnym Nowogrodzie. Ukończyła studia medyczne na Uniwersytecie w Zurychu uzyskując tytuł doktora nauk medycznych. Specjalizowała się w ginekologii i położnictwie w Krakowie. Działała w licznych organizacjach społecznych, zabiegając o poprawę losu pracujących kobiet ciężarnych i położnic. Była jedną z założycielek i przewodniczącą Stowarzyszenia Lekarek Polskich. W okresie okupacji hitlerowskiej w Polsce działała w strukturach Armii Krajowej, za co została aresztowana i uwięziona na „Pawiaku”. W październiku 1942 r. została przewieziona do KL Auschwitz-Birkenau, gdzie wkrótce zmarła w wyniku zachorowania na tyfus plamisty.
EN
Zofia Garlicka was born on June 19th, 1874 in the town of Nizhny Novgorod. She graduated from medicine at the University of Zurich with a doctorate in medicine. She specialized in gynecology and obstetrics in Krakow. She worked in a number of community organizations striving to improve situation of working pregnant women. She was a co-founder and the president of the Medical Women’s Association in Poland. During the Nazi occupation of Poland she joined the Home Army. She was arrested and imprisoned in the Pawiak Prison. In October 1942 she was taken to the Auschwitz-Birkenau, where she died because of typhus soon.
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