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O Gotach w gazecie – czyli znane i nieznane informacje o grobach kultury wielbarskiej z miejscowości Sławianowo w pow. złotowskim

100%
Kokowski A., Niemirowski W.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2021
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vol. LXXII
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issue 72
145-158
EN
By analysing the contents of a note published in the “Oder-Zeitung” newspaper on 9 August 1937, three hitherto unknown archaeological discoveries have been introduced into scientific circulation: a Wielbark Culture grave from phase B2a from Sławianowo, a hoard of bronze objects from the Late Bronze Age from Stare Gronowo and a Lusatian Culture cemetery from Stobno. The finds from the first of the abovementioned localities were used to cross-check the earlier discoveries from the village in question, often erroneously quoted in the literature. It has been concluded that it cannot be ruled out that two Wielbark Culture cemeteries existed in this locality. A question mark was also placed over the Wielbark culture interpretation of the inhumation burials uncovered in 1907. It has been proven that the spearheads found in Sławianowo before 1907 are not, as it was assumed, elements of Wielbark Culture weaponry and should instead be dated to the Late Pre-Roman Period. Therefore, the information about settlement by the Middle Noteć River (between the rivers Drawa and Łobżonka) in that period has been re-checked, pointing to many more sites than it is believed in the latest literature (Fig. 2). The new compilation includes 16 discoveries that can be linked to the Jastorf culture, and four more that likely represent it. Also included are 13 sites that may represent settlement activity from the time when the Sławianowo spearheads were deposited. The issue of the cultural attribution of these finds has been, for the time being, left open. It has been shown once more that the central section of the Noteć Valley is still an unexplored cultural zone with an extremely attractive research potential, especially in regard to the time between the disappearance of the Pomeranian Culture and the point when it was settled by the Wielbark Culture people. The devastation of war painfully affected museum collections and archives storing information on the activities of archaeologists. The analysed press release confirms the thesis of an underestimated value of press publications, not only for reconstructing the lost knowledge about artefacts but also for tracing the history of archaeological research and the development of this discipline.
PL
Na podstawie analizy treści notatki zamieszczonej 9 sierpnia 1937 roku w „Oder-Zeitung“, wprowadzono do obiegu naukowe trzy nieznane dotąd odkrycia archeologiczne: grób kultury wielbarskiej z fazy B2a z miejscowości Sławianowo; skarb brązowych przedmiotów z młodszej epoki brązu z miejscowości Stare Gronowo i cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej z miejscowości Stobno. Znaleziska z pierwszej z wymienionych miejscowości posłużyły do weryfikacji wcześniejszych dokonanych tam odkryć, często mylnie cytowanych w literaturze. Ustalono, że nie można wykluczyć, iż na terenie tej miejscowości istniały dwie nekropolie kultury wielbarskiej. Postawiono też znak zapytania przy interpretacji kulturowej pochówków inhumacyjnych odsłoniętych w roku 1907, podważając ich wielbarską interpretację. Udowodniono, że groty znalezione w Sławianowie przed rokiem 1907 nie są, jak przyjęto, elementami uzbrojenia kultury wielbarskiej i należy je datować na młodszy okres przedrzymski. W związku z tym zweryfikowano informacje na temat osadnictwa w tym okresie nad środkową Notecią (na odcinku po-między Drawą i Łobżonką), wskazując na znacznie więcej stanowisk, niż sądzi się w najnowszej literaturze (Ryc. 2). W nowym zestawieniu znalazło się 16 odkryć, które można powiązać z kulturą jastorfską, oraz cztery dalsze z dużym prawdopodobieństwem ją reprezentujące. Zestawiono również 13 stano-wisk, które mogą reprezentować aktywność osadniczą z czasów złożenia do ziemi grotów ze Sławianowa. Określenie kulturowe tych znalezisk pozostawiono, póki co, otwartym. Wykazano ponownie, że środkowy odcinek doliny Noteci jest ciągle nierozpoznaną strefą kulturową o niezwykle atrakcyjnym potencjale poznawczym, szczególnie dla czasów pomiędzy zanikiem kultury pomorskiej a momentem zasiedlenia jej przez ludność kultury wielbarskiej. Zniszczenia wojenne boleśnie dotknęły zasoby muzealne i archiwa przechowujące informacje o działalności archeologów. Analizowana notatka prasowa jest potwierdzeniem dla tezy o niedocenionej wartości publikacji prasowych dla rekonstrukcji utraconej w ten sposób wiedzy nie tylko o zabytkach, ale również dla śledzenia dziejów badań archeologicznych i rozwoju dyscypliny.
2

Antropologia pierwotnej kultury Gotów. Nazwy pojemników i naczyń

100%
Kowalski A. P.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2020
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vol. Tom XXIX
s. 57-72
EN
Archaeological research on the pottery production of the Goths communities is being developed successively. This mainly applies to the Wielbark and Chernyakhov cultures and related groups. The article is devoted to the names of vessels and containers in the Gothic language. The basis of the research is the Gothic Bible by Ulfila. This lexicon contains the names of pottery vessels (kas, digan, aurkeis), clay paste (þaho), potter (diʒulaz), names of vessels made of glass (stikls) and metal (ƕair, katils, mes). The latter were imported items and therefore belong to the layer of later borrowings. The names describing organic containers are the most durable. They show the most similarities with other Germanic languages. They have an established Indo-European etymology. The article contains hypotheses concerning the correlation between linguistic and archaeological data. Organic containers used in the household had stable and archaic terminology. They were common, made for a long time, although they are not often discovered by archaeologists. Imported vessels, made of rare raw materials, served to display prestige and belonged to luxury goods. They were a sign of a lifestyle adopted by local elite. The Goths passed metal and glass vessels along with their names to other peoples, mainly to the Balts and the Slavs. They played the role of intermediaries in the transmission of cultural goods from the territories of the Roman provinces to the areas of eastern Barbaricum.
3
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Trebonian Gallus i emisje z legendą ADVENTVS AVG. Dlaczego cesarz nie udał się na wschód?

100%
Suski R.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2022
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vol. 17
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issue 22
1-16
EN
During the reign of Trebonianus Gallus the mint in Antioch issued coins with the legend ADVENTVS AVG. This announced the arrival of the emperor to the Roman East. Indeed, the war with Persia was approaching and the Roman forces were dispatched to the East. Notwithstanding this fact, the emperor did not come to Syria. In this article, I ponder the reasons for the emperor’s resignation from this eastward expedition.
PL
W mennicy w Antiochii za panowania Treboniana Gallusa emitowano monety z legendą ADVENTVS AVG. Zapowiadało to przybycie cesarza na wschód. Rzeczywiście zbliżała się wojna z Persją, a na wschód wysyłano siły zbrojne. Mimo to cesarz nie przybył do Syrii. Przedmiotem artykułu są powody, jakie skłoniły go do rezygnacji z udania się na wschód.
4
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Exercitus barbarorum. Organizacja i działania wojsk ludów germańskich osiadłych w V i VI wieku w basenie Morza Śródziemnego

100%
Wilczyński M.
Vox Patrum
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2015
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vol. 63
287-305
EN
Organization of the armies of the barbarian states that emerged on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea in the 5th and 6th centuries can only partially be recon­structed. Primary sources and archeological records vary depending on the state. The preserved evidence relating to the military power of the Vandals and Goths is relatively good, much less is known about the Svevs. All of the discussed barbar­ian armies were presumably grouped into units based on ten. Better insight can only be provided into the top military ranks. An interesting issue presented in the thesis is to what degree the former tribal structures were preserved and how far the Roman models were followed by the barbaric people. None of the armies of the kingdoms referred to above can fully be compared with the Germanic army that existed in the north of the Medieval Europe, which inevitably leads to sub­stantive errors. All the foregoing kingdoms had armies mostly composed of native warriors which, however, did not guarantee their purely Germanic character. The author tries to determine to what extent the Roman population or inhabitants of certain provinces, e.g. the Moors joined the military organizations of kingdoms under the Germanic rule. Examples of the Roman officers and commanders who sought carrier in the Gothic army or representatives of subdued nations serving in the Vandals’ navy or auxiliaries encourage to perform further study in this field.
5
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Wulfila - propagator kultury chrześcijańskiej w starożytnej Mezji i Tracji

80%
Longosz S.
Vox Patrum
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1983
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vol. 4
125-159
EN
Der vorligende Artikel beruht auf einem während des "Baloanicum I" in Poznań gehaltenen Referat, das aus Anlass des in diesem Jahr begangenen 1600 Todestages Wulfilas weiter ausgebaut wurde.
6
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Gothorum romanorumque consensus. Jedność Gotów i Rzymian w działalności politycznej Amalasunty

80%
Skibiński T.
Vox Patrum
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2016
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vol. 66
235-249
EN
The article presents the reign of Amalasuntha – Theodoric the Great’s daugh­ter – from the point of view of her endeavours for the unity and integration of the Goths and Romans in the Ostrogothic Kingdom. Analysis of the most important sources on the subject reveals her efforts in the following areas: concern for social justice and attempts to remedy the difficult situation in the country which had ari­sen in the last years of Theodoric; emphasis on the unity of the Goths and Romans in letters sent to various persons on behalf of Athalaric; concern for the religious unity of Roman Catholics and Arian Goths; attempts to provide the best educa­tion for Athalaric according to the style adopted in Roman society. The premature death of Athalaric, and shortly after, of Amalasuntha, did not allow her to realize her plans. Following her death, the Byzantine army began the reconquest of Italy. This also, meant the fall of her political programme, and the Ostrogoth Kingdom soon disappeared from the map.
7
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Is the So-called the Abritus Horizon Clear in the Finds of Silver Roman Coins from the Mid-Third Century from Poland?

80%
Dymowski A.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
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2021
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vol. 65
1-13
PL
Na terenach zajmowanych w okresie rzymskim przez kultury archeologiczne czerniachowską i wielbarską, w tym na obszarach wschodniej i północnej Polski, występują stosunkowo liczne znaleziska rzymskich aureusów Decjusza (249–251) i jego bezpośrednich poprzedników na cesarskim tronie. Monety te interpretowane są jako część skarbca cesarskiego zagrabionego przez barbarzyńców (Gotów) po wygranej przez nich bitwie pod Abritus w 251 r. Na tych samych obszarach można wyróżnić horyzont znalezisk srebrnych monet rzymskich, denarów i antoninianów, których co prawda nie da się wprost połączyć z bitwą pod Abritus, ale nieco szerzej, z rajdami gockimi na rzymskie prowincje we wczesnych latach 50. III w., których spektakularną kulminacją była właśnie bitwa pod Abritus. Horyzont ten nie jest czytelny w znaleziskach z Polski południowej, środkowej i zachodniej, zajmowanych w okresie rzymskim przez kultury przeworską i luboszycką, nie wiązane z Gotami.
EN
In the areas occupied by the Cherniakhiv and Wielbark archaeological cultures during the Roman period, including the areas of eastern and northern Poland, there are relatively numerous finds of Roman aurei of Trajan Decius (249–251) and his direct predecessors on the imperial throne. These coins are interpreted as part of the imperial treasury looted by the barbarians (Goths) after they won the Battle of Abritus in 251. In the same areas one can distinguish a horizon of finds of silver Roman coins, denarii and antoniniani, which cannot be directly linked to the Battle of Abritus, but more broadly, with the Goth raids on the Roman provinces in the early 250s, the spectacular culmination of which was the Battle of Abritus. This horizon is not clear in finds from southern, central and western Poland, occupied in the Roman period by the Przeworsk and Luboszyce cultures, not related to the Goths.
8
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Barbarzyńcy według Salwiana z Marsylii

80%
Kołosowski T.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2014
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vol. 35
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issue 4
165-174
EN
In De gubernatione Dei, Salwian of Marseilles assesses barbarians in a negative and positive manner. One might even get the impression that Salwian delivers a eulogy in honor of the barba- rians. The knowledge which Salwian communicates about the subject of barbarians is general in character, even sketchy. This knowledge comes from a certain rhetorical and literary canon, which was circulated at that time. Salwian does not give any more information on the topic of the barbarians directly from him. Although Salwian specifies the negative characteristics of individual barbarous nations, he is not especially interested in showing a negative image of them. Salwian shows barbarians in a rhetorical contrast to Roman Catholics. The pagan or Arian barbarians are portrayed in many cases as better than Roman Catholics and their guilt is shown to be lesser.
9
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Rozważania o praojczyźnie Słowian

71%
Jasiński T.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2020
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issue 2 (25)
11-90
EN
The Slavs’ homeland was in the Black Sea forest steppe. The Slavs neighboured the Iranian peoples from the south and the Balts from the north. The characteristic features of the Slavs’ culture, mainly material culture, were shaped in the third and fourth centuries AD, when the dominance of the Sarmatians over the Slavs ended as a consequence when the Goths ravaged the coasts of the Black See.
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