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Zamek golubski w średniowieczu. Architektura i technika budowy

100%

Wasik B.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2019

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issue 2 (304)

191-217

EN

Golub Castle has aroused the interest of researchers since the 19th century. In the 1960s, in connection with its planned reconstruction, architectural and archaeological research was carried out, the results of which, however, were not fully realised. In 1989, further archaeological surveys were carried out to verify the question of the earlier settlement. From the current research it can be concluded that there was no early medieval stronghold in the place of the later castle. However, there was settlement until the 11th century. The next traces derive only from the time when Golub was taken over by the Teutonic Knights in 1293. It can be concluded from the sources that they erected a temporary wooden watchtower, which was the seat of the procurator in 1304. It is uncertain whether it was situated in the same location as the castle, although perhaps it is associated with a layer of burning, documented under the high castle. It is also unclear whether the original moat and embankment, protecting the outer ward from the west, should be associated with this structure. Around 1305 a commandery was established in Golub and the construction of a brick castle began. This saw the employment of the old Culm measure and the geometric ad quadratum method. The four-wing convent house was built according to a homogeneous plan, but it was implemented in stages typical for this type of building in Prussia. First, a peripheral curtain wall was built, then the main and subsequent wings. Modifications were made during the process of construction, abandoning, among others, the building of the Bergfrid. From the west, the castle was protected by a walled moat and parcham. Initially the outer bailey was constructed of timber and earth, on a trapezoidal plan and protected by the aforementioned moat and embankment. It was not until around the mid-14th century that the brick perimeter of the outer ward with towers was built, expanding them to the west and southeast. Inside, there were farm buildings, known from modern sources and archaeological excavations. At the end of the 14th century, two cylindrical fire towers were built in front of the west facade of the convent house, and at the beginning of the 15th century, two houses were inserted between them. The last works carried out by the Teutonic Knights in the castle were related to its reconstruction after the war of 1422.

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ŚREDNIOWIECZNE MURY MIEJSKIE GOLUBIA. PROBLEMATYKA KONSERWATORSKA

75%

Milanowski K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2003

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issue 3-4

26-35

EN

Golub-Dobrzyń is a county town located 42 kilometres to the north-west of Toruń, near the Olsztyn-Brodnica route. Its walls represent a typical late mediaeval defensive system. Based on a plan of an irregular pentagon the system in question is composed of simple sections of curtain walls and rectangular bastions as well as four gates built on the axes of tracts. The fortification ring was reinforced with four towers in the corners, of which today only a single one is extant (the north-east corner). The walls, which had not been modernised for centuries, retained their original character, and are deprived only of four gates. Up to now, the Golub fortifications have not been discussed in an exhaustive scientific study. The first complex inventory was performed in 1958 by the State Enterprise – the Ateliers for the Conservation of Historical Monuments in Toruƒ, headed by Ireneusz Słowiński. Almost half a century later, this problem has been considered by the authors of the presented article, employees at the Regional Centre for the Study and Documentation of Historical Monuments in Toruń who in 2002 brought the inventory up to date. The prime reason for the new documentation – drawings and photographs – were the essential changes which had taken place in the appearance of the sections of defensive walls after the construction and conservation carried out during the last three decades of the twentieth century. The wide-scale venture entailed the reconstruction of two bastions in the north sequence, supplementation of the wall face and protection of the entire crown. The moat terrain was cleaned of of all sub-standard buildings, including economic ones, and a residential edifice. The outcome of all the undertakings was a representative section (northern) of mediaeval fortifications (walls and moat) along Gen. Hallera Street. The eventual elimination of the remaining buildings from the forefield of the municipal fortifications in Golub would create a possibility for encircling the mediaeval fortifications with a strip of plants designed in such a way as to enable contact with the suitably displayed monument. The fulfilment of the above postulates would have enabled the mediaeval town, together with the preserved town halls and the Teutonic Order castle, rebuilt in the 1960s, to comprise a town planningarchitectural complex unique on the scale of northern Poland. The planned revitalisation of the Old Town area in Golub would bring forth the inherent historical assets of the town, and generate attractive conditions for the development of recreation and tourism.

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Zagadnienie adaptacji obiektów zabytkowych w województwie bydgoskim dla potrzeb turystyki

75%

Ciara Z.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1967

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issue 4

31-36

FR

La majorité des monuments historiques sur le te rritoire de la voïvodie de Bydgoszcz constituent des agglomérations disséminées le long de deux itin é ra ires touristiques qui s’entrecroisent. Les traitements de conservation ayant pour but l’adaptation des monuments aux fins touristiques ne peuvent suffire à l’exploitation rationnelle de ces monuments. Le monument devrait avoir à son service un personnel compétent et une information bien Organisée. Deux exemples opposés sont fournis par la mauvaise exploitation des monuments de Kruszwica et le service parfaitement organisé du Château de Toruń. Il est désirable que les travaux d’adaptation à des fins culturels soient conçus en détail; séparément pour chaque bâtiment et résolu différemment pour les monuments respectifs. A titre d’exemple illustrant cette thèse peuvent ê tre cités les châteaux de Radzyń Chełmiński et de Golub ainsi que les dispositifs de défense des villes telles que Chojnice, Brodnica et Żnin.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

1 Ciara Z.

1 Milanowski K.

1 Wasik B.

1 2019

1 2003

1 1967

Zamek golubski w średniowieczu. Architektura i technika budowy

ŚREDNIOWIECZNE MURY MIEJSKIE GOLUBIA. PROBLEMATYKA KONSERWATORSKA

Zagadnienie adaptacji obiektów zabytkowych w województwie bydgoskim dla potrzeb turystyki