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EN
The stilling of the storm on the Sea (Lake) of Galilee is narrated in all three synoptic gospels (Mk 4:35–41; Mt 8:23–27; Luke 8:22–25). The article comments on the singular texts, beginning with the passage of Mark. After the exposition of the texts of Matthew and Luke, special attention is given to the textual tradition in the large synoptic gospels (i.e. Mt and Luke) because of the theory of the so­-called "Deuteromark" proposed especially for this story by the Austrian scholar A. Fuchs. The article sees this theory (in which the authors of the gospels of Matthew and Luke are supposed to have used a later and more developed version of Mark) as less than convincing. The so­-called minor agreements of Matthew and Luke against Mark in this story can be explained not only by the logical editorial work of the big synoptists but also by the very probable fact that these evangelists had heard the story told (due to its simple plot) already before they acted as writers of the gospels. In all three synoptic gospels, the story serves as the proclamation of the mystery of Jesus Christ, while in Matthew and Luke it is also more centred on the disciples and through them on the Christian believers.
The Biblical Annals
|
2021
|
vol. 11
|
issue 3
441-458
PL
The studies on the literary genre “gospel” are often compared with the so-called Greco-Roman bíoi and popular literature. The points of contact are numerous and undeniable. As well as the differences and peculiarities of the gospels, whose link with the Hebrew Bible is a unicum to be taken into account. In particular, the typology, with its network of references, makes the canonical gospels a text proceeding through continuous phenomena of association and repetition with the ancient Scriptures. As result, the nar­rative takes on particular tones insofar as it indulges little in the chronicle, concentrating rather on the richness of meaning hidden in entire story of Christ. Consequently, the gos­pels are evidence of a mixed genre, having some characteristics of the Greco-Roman bíoi and contemporary popular Lives, together with constant re-elaboration of OT elements re-read and applied in a typological key. And it could not be otherwise because the events and the protagonist of the gospels perfectly intersect the horizontal and vertical dimensions of a story merging with the eternal.  
PL
The Dream of the Rood constitutes one of the most intriguing products of Old English literature, both in terms of its highly imaginative, heroicised depiction of Christ and the Cross and on account of its numerous Christian and pre-Christian intersec- tions. One of the most arresting issues in it, however, particularly as regards the poem’s cultural background, is its mention of a sorhleoð (l. 67), the ‘sorrow-song’, or ‘dirge’ that the disciples begin to sing once they have placed the body of the Saviour in the sepulchre. Given that there is no mention of any songs being chanted at the time of Christ’s burial in the canonical Gospels, it seems rational to suggest that the anonymous poet must have supplied this ‘missing’ information on the basis of his own, perhaps somewhat antiquarian, knowledge of the burial customs in Anglo-Saxon England.
EN
The purpose of the present article is the analysis of the Greek terms expressing the concept of love ἔρως (eros), στοργή (storge), φιλία (philia) and ἀγάπη (agape) and the impact of their semantic character on the uses appearing in the Bible. The author is primarily concerned with the study of etymology and determination of historical changes in the meaning of the analyzed terms, their use in secular and religious literature, in classical and late Greek.The next step is a detailed analysis of the verbs φιλέω (phileo) and ἀγαπάω (agapao), which are the only of the four terms to appear in the Gospels. The text ends by indicating for each form used in the Gospels its semantic scope and checking whether it corresponds to the basic semantic features of each of the verbs.
EN
Arranged by topics, the essay covers the early sixteenth – century "Introductorium compendiosum in Tractatum sphaerae materialis Ioannis de Sacrobusto" written in Latin by the Polish scholar Jan of Głogów. The essay explores diverse aspects of his deliberations about the eclipse of the sun which was said to happen during the time of Christ’s death. In Jan`s opinion which was based on astronomical knowledge and ancient writers` judgments, the blocking of the light of the sun when the moon was between it and the earth, was a miraculous event which did not follow the known physical laws of nature and was therefore thought to be caused by God.
EN
This paper examines the distribution of three types of sporadic and infrequent diacritics in the Dobrejšo Gospel and their functions: a dot or acute-accent shape over a liquid consonant letter in OCS trъt/trьt formations, and, more rarely, over other consonant letters in clusters; a single or multiple acute-accent shape over the letter л or н in certain words; and a titlo over unabbreviated words containing OCS trъt/trьt formations.
EN
The author treats the Gospels of New Testament as reports. He does not cosider them a literary work, but a dokumentary work in which the reader finds true details about the life of Jesus Christ. The texts aer a role model for reporters both in terms of talking about reality and imitating the reporters attitude.
PL
Autor traktuje Ewangelie Nowego Testamentu jako reportaże. Nie uważa ich za dzieło literackie, ale za dzieło dokumentarne, w którym czytelnik znajduje prawdziwe szczegóły z życia Jezusa Chrystusa. Teksty te są wzorem do naśladowania dla reporterów zarówno pod względem mówienia o rzeczywistości, jak i naśladowania postawy reportera.
EN
This study opens with a brief reflection on the typological value of the person and name of Josh- ua in the ancient Church. Christians saw the figure of Joshua as a foreshadowing of the saving work of Jesus Christ. According to patristic vision the order of grace in Jesus Saviour replaces the ancient order of the Law. On the basis of homonymy Joshua is associated with Christ. The intent of the study was also to present the historical beginning of the practice to invocate the Lord’s Name. To express the faith in Christ symbolically, the first Christians recurred to the use of numerology and to the nomina sacra. This article argues that the ancient Christian literature contains sustained and substantial references to the name of Jesus as ‘Saviour’. It is possible to find the theological finality in the interpretation of Lord’s name. At every point of the discussion in the Patristic tradition it is found a considerable richness and significance of the name of Jesus (biblical, doctrinal and spiritual).
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Geneza kanonu Pisma świętego

51%
EN
The contemporary biblical and theological studies draw special attention to shaping the biblical canon regarding the Old and the New Testament. This process is characterised by a leading role of “the rule of faith” (“the rule of truth”), which gradually became a major criterion used for the verification of Christian writings, making it possible to indicate those of them which can be considered as the foundation of faith and life of the Church. A key role in defining the canon has to be ascribed to Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Hippolytus of Rome and Origen. Their biblical and theological studies elaborated the concept of the canon in doctrinal and literary aspects. In the first half of the 4th century’s favourable cultural and political circumstances, the canon was officially accepted in the Church, becoming the rule of faith and life for the Church and a benchmark for the confrontation with the surrounding world.
PL
Współczesne badania biblijne i teologiczne zwracają ożywioną uwagę na proces formowania się kanonu Pisma Świętego, zarówno Starego, jak i Nowego Testamentu. Zauważamy w tym procesie kluczową rolę odgrywaną przez „regułę wiary” („regułę prawdy”), która stopniowo stała się kryterium weryfikującym pisma chrześcijańskie, umożliwiając jasne wskazanie tych, które mogą być uznane za podstawę wiary i życia Kościoła. Kluczową rolę w określeniu kanonu odegrali: Tertulian, Klemens Aleksandryjski, Hipolit Rzymski i Orygenes. Efektem ich poszukiwań biblijno-teologicznych stało się wypracowanie koncepcji kanonu w znaczeniu doktrynalno-literackim. W sprzyjających okolicznościach kulturowych i politycznych w pierwszej połowie IV wieku został on oficjalnie przyjęty w Kościele, stając się zasadą jego wiary i życia oraz konfrontowania się z otaczającym go światem.
EN
Bread and water are among the best-known Biblical metaphors for the Word of God. This article presents a study of their occurrence in the four Gospels against the backdrop of the Old Testament. However, an analysis of the explicit references to bread and water is not exhaustive with regards to the topic under discussion. Therefore, other terms that relate to them, such as food, spring, hunger, thirst, feeding, and drinking, are also of great interest. Studying the metaphors for the Word of God reveals both a continuation of the Biblical ideas within the four Gospels, as well as a total novelty in the expression of the Word that became flesh (Jn 1:14).
PL
Chleb i woda należą do najbardziej znanych biblijnych metafor słowa Bożego. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia studium ich występowania w czterech Ewangeliach na tle Starego Testamentu. Analiza bezpośrednich wzmianek o chlebie i wodzie nie wyczerpuje jednak podjętego tematu. Dlatego przedmiotem zainteresowania są również terminy, które do nich nawiązują, jak pokarm, źródło, łaknienie, pragnienie, karmienie, picie. Studium metafor słowa Bożego wykazuje zarówno kontynuację biblijnych idei w czterech Ewangeliach, jak i całkowitą nowość w wyrażeniu tego Słowa, które stało się ciałem (J 1, 14).
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