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EN
From the very beginning, the development of the forms of organized charity in the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches revealed a clear disproportion in its scale and dynamics. Massive Polonization of Ruthenian elites caused the Orthodox Church first and then the Greek Catholic one to irrevocably lose wealthy and influential patrons who had been providing patronage not only of the church organizations, but also of all the spheres of church activity, including charity work. In comparison to the Roman Catholic Church, the poor financial situation of the Greek Catholic institution as well as sluggish activity of its clergymen within the community condemned its charity work to a slowdown. In the second half of the 19th century, the recovery of the Greek Catholic Church after a slump and the development of its structures based on the models borrowed from the Roman Catholic church acted as catalysts for the revival of different forms of organized charity in Galicia. It was noticeable in establishing new active congregations modelled after the Roman Catholic ones and setting up modern charitable organizations in all the Greek Catholic dioceses in the Interwar Period.
PL
Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie wyników przeprowadzonych w 2018 r. badań architektonicznych kościoła pw. Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła w Hannie, dawnej cerkwi greckokatolickiej. Z uwagi na brak jednoznacznie określonej chronologii świątyni, głównym celem badań było dokonanie rozwarstwienia chronologicznego poszczególnych części zabytku oraz jednoznaczne określenie czasu ich wzniesienia i zakresu ewentualnych przekształceń. W tym celu analizę architektoniczną obiektu uzupełniono o badania dendrochronologiczne drewna konstrukcji ścian i dachów, dające możliwość precyzyjnego określenia daty ścięcia drzew, z których zostały wzniesione poszczególne części cerkwi. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań i analiz ustalono, że świątynia wznoszona była w kilku fazach budowlanych od XVIII do XX stulecia. Pierwsza struktura cerkwi hanieńskiej wzniesiona została w latach 1739-1740, kolejne przekształcenia nastąpiły w 1747 r., kiedy dostawiono drewnianą kaplicę, oraz w latach 1764-1765, gdy cerkiew powiększono o część zachodnią mieszczącą babiniec wraz z przedsionkiem oraz nadbudowano z celu wyrównania korony zrębu ścian nowych i starych części. Cerkiew uzyskała wtedy kształt zbliżony do obecnego. W XIX w. dokonywano jedynie niezbędnych remontów, szczególnie w zakresie wieżyczek i przekrycia dachów i ścian, oraz przekształcano dobudówki przy sanktuarium, które ostateczną formę uzyskały dopiero w 1. połowie XX wieku.
EN
The purpose of the study is to report the results of architectural research conducted in 2018 in Saints Peter and Paul the Apostles Church in Hanna, a former Greek Catholic temple. Since a clear chronology of the temple is missing, the main purpose of the studies was to perform chronological stratification of the individual sections of the historic monument and to clearly date the erection of the temple and determine the scope of its transformations. For this purpose, the architectural analysis of the site was supplemented with dendrochronological studies of the wooden wall and roof structures with a view to precisely determining the time of sourcing the trees used for the construction of particular sections of the church. The performed studies and analysis showed that the temple had been erected over several construction phases from the 18th through the 20th century. The first structure of the Hanna church was built in the years 1739-1740; subsequent additions and transformations occurred in 1747 (a wooden chapel was added) and in the years 1764-1765 when the church was enlarged by the western part housing the women’s section and the vestibule; it was also extended upwards to level the top of the wall framework of the new and old parts. At that time, the church was given its present-day shape. In the 19th century, only necessary renovations were carried out, especially in the turrets, roofs and walls. Also, the annexes to the sanctuary were transformed, however, its current shape goes back to no earlier than the early 20th century.
XX
At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century a large group of Galician Ruthenians emigrated to North America and the United States and Canada, South America - mainly to Argentina and Brazil. Sheptytsky visited North America in 1910. He met with Ukrainian Greek Catholic immigrant communities in the United States and Canada. In 1921, he visited the USA and Canada again. In 1922 he arrived to Argentina and Brazil. He did not conduct open political agitation. However, some of his speeches have an anti-Polish character.
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