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INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE HEALTH SERVICE: GDANSK EXAMPLE (Instytucjonalne zmiany w sluzbie zdrowia - gdanski przyklad)

100%
Bulinski L.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2009
|
vol. 36
|
issue 5-6(422-423)
19-23
EN
The health service sector has undergone a range of changes within the last few years due to the political situation of the country, including Poland's accession to the EU in 2004. As a result of these changes the socio-economic development processes were based on the principle of market mechanisms as opposed to the regulatory activities of the state. The health care changes in the city of Gdansk are closely linked with both the legislative and socio-political conditions. The Gdansk model was based on principle of the workers' privatisation, which allows the teams to establish a non-public health care institutions or individual specialist practices. Even though it is not devoid of defects and shortcomings, the changes presented in this article show a positive development trend relating to health service reforms. There is no doubt that the departure from the centralized management and administration of health care to that based on the market economy promotes processes aimed at more effective and rational management system,
2

MACROECONOMIC REASONS OF DEBTS IN POLISH HEALTH SERVICE (Makroekonomiczne przyczyny zadluzenia polskiej sluzby zdrowia)

100%
Szymanska K.
Contemporary Economics
|
2008
|
issue 2(6)
5-17
EN
The article deals with the problem of debts in polish health service. Author analyzes the macroeconomic reasons of this situation. As a main reasons are indicated: a specificity of the health service market, which leads to a inefficient allocation of health services, lack of reliable data on health care system, too low level of public expenditure on a health care, inappropriate allocation of public capital and a monopolistic position of the payer.
3

BUDOVANIE ZDRAVOTNÍCKYCH A ZDRAVIU PROSPEŠNÝCH ZARIADENÍ V TRNAVE V MEDZIVOJNOVOM OBDOBÍ

88%
Osyková L.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2018
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vol. 22
|
issue 1
155 – 173
EN
The study focuses on the construction of the two most important health institutions in Trnava, the Hospital and the District Sickness Insurance Company and the construction of City Steam Baths to make a significant contribution to improving health and hygiene conditions in Trnava. Archival research is connected with the development of healthcare in the territory of Slovakia and the transformation of the City of Trnava during the Period of the 1st Czechoslovak Republic. The building of health and health benefits institutions in Trnava during the inter-war period was supported mainly by active directors at the head of medical facilities, the founders of these organizations, the supreme state authorities, which also decided on state aid in the construction of generally useful facilities. The leaders of the Czechoslovak Republic supported this development by adopting building laws and financial support.
4
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Kariéra prvních krajských lékařů a chirurgů v Čechách po josefínských reformách (cca 1785-1825)

88%
Tinkova D.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2011
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vol. 109
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issue 3
432-487
EN
During the second half of the 18th century demands as to the competence and expertise of regional medical staff, both physicians and surgeons increased. A broad range of activities alongside a high degree of responsibility, which they shouldered, came hand in hand with growing demands for their professional development. In the second half of the 18th century, similar to other medical personnel, a standardised curriculum for study and expertise was established for regional health officers, also. Thus, increasing and clearly defined requirements in terms of knowledge and ability had transformed the profile of a suitable medical candidate. These changes are, understandably, evident in the different patterns of expertise shown down through several generations, which can be wholly and comprehensively documented. The idea of 'a modern profession' is further demonstrated by the fact that as early as the beginning of the 19th century salaries became standardised and from the 1780s regional medical personnel were entitled to similarly 'standardised' pensions, whose levels corresponded to the number of years of service. Even though their salaries undoubtedly lagged behind the salaries of other higher officials of the regional government for a long time to come, these posts were, without doubt, highly sought and prestigious, which is also shown in the ever increasing numbers of candidates for posts on regional public health boards. Particular attention was especially paid to public competition for posts of regional medical personnel. The Faculty's expert recommendation for someone as suitable for a post was matched against the view of the Land Committee, which paid for medical personnel; in addition, the opinion of the Land protomedicus was also important (and it seems that the opinion of the Governor's Office was not ignored either, yet its role cannot be, at present, fully understood on the basis of original documents researched). Although, it was possible to grant some exceptions in terms of required competences at the beginning (for example, allowing the required certification to be gained later), after 1800, when the numbers of competent candidates for these civil service posts increased, these exceptions became rarer. However, the link to the region continued to play a significant role. The posts of regional physicians from Joseph II's era were occupied by men who were relatively young, aged 30-40, thus on average 5-10 years after their graduation (in some exceptional cases, positions were even given to candidates who were junior in terms of service, about three years after the completion of their studies). Unless they failed in their duties, they usually remained in office until their retirement, or - as with the majority of them - until their death. Although the post of a regional physician/surgeon represented the peak of a career in its own right, some regional medical personnel considered it more beneficial and prestigious to be transferred to the municipal health board in the capital city of Prague. However, there were only a few who succeeded in culminating their career in a goal higher than that - namely, acquiring a professorial position at the university, or even becoming head of the Czech medical administration - a protomedicus. In any case, we might perhaps claim that in the last decades of the 18th century and at the threshold of the 19th century regional physicians and surgeons did confirm their status as a real 'new elite' amongst medical personnel: being equipped with new authority, competences and obligations, they carried on their shoulders a growing responsibility for the medical and sanitary situation in their entire region. In addition, they gradually became integrated in the state administration, indeed, civil servants in a regional office.
5
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TYPES OF PRIVATE FINANCING OF MEDICAL CARE BY PATIENTS IN POLAND (Formy prywatnego finansowania opieki medycznej przez pacjentów w Polsce)

75%
Paszkowska M.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
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2011
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vol. 7
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issue 3
59-74
EN
The share of privately paid medical care is steadily increasing. Polish patients pay immediately for single services and may also privately conclude the contracts for medical insurance or subscription (steady access to complex private medical care). The aim of this paper is to draw the reader's attention to the possibilities a Polish patient has of obtaining complex private medical care. The paper describes the range of services which are guaranteed for all patients insured by National Health Fund (financed from public resources) and contracts of private health insurance and medical subscription.
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