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1

BURGHERS AND HERALDRY: ON THE USAGE OF HERALDIC SIGNS BY BURGHERS IN EARLY MODERN HUNGARIAN KINGDOM

100%
Federmayer F.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2021
|
vol. 10
|
issue 1
48 - 74
EN
The study presents the state of research into burgher heraldry in Slovakia. It notes the perspectives and possibilities of further research, as well as the importance of the sigillographic study of burgher seals. On the basis of its findings, it demonstrates discoveries on the uses of coats of arms, or more precisely, personal heraldic marks, by burghers in early modern towns of the Hungarian Kingdom (and includes, for instance, the issues of heritability of burgher marks and the ennoblement of burghers from a heraldic point of view).
2

THE JELGAVA TOWN EMBLEM OVER THE CENTURIES (Jelgavas pilsetas gerbonis gadsimtu gaita)

100%
Lancmanis I.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2008
|
vol. 11
15-19
EN
In 1893 historian Leonid Arbuzov published the oldest known picture of the Jelgava town emblem found on a sealed document from 1589. In 1914 Jelgava Town Mayor Gustavs Smits published an article on the development of the emblem in the 19th century but historian Arveds Svabe was the first to provide information on the town charter received by Jelgava in 1753 and an engraving of the town seal in 1574. Duke Gotthard Kettler had granted part of his coat of arms - the elk's head of Zemgale - to be included in the Jelgava town seal. The Duke's first coat of arms was created in 1565 but on 4 August 1579 Stephen Bathory, the King of Poland, approved the changes to the Duke's coat of arms. The wolf's jaw, the symbol of the Bathory family, appeared as a sign of the King's favour alongside the monogram in the middle shield. Since the very first coats of arms, the elk's figure was not depicted consistently and often appeared as a deer. A deer instead of an elk was also found in the stone carving placed on the Town Hall façade. Stylistic features point to the period after 1686 when Jelgava Town Council purchased a building in the marketplace from Duke Friedrich Kasimir, which was to become the Town Hall. The Town Hall was located in the centre of the marketplace but was pulled down in the 1650s. Changes in the Duke's coat of arms from 1579 modified the town emblem as well; a new town seal was created - the elk carrying on its neck the middle shield of the Duke's coat of arms with the Kettlers' pot hook, the crowned monogram SA and the Bathory family wolf's jaw. Later periods brought a number of subsequent variations in the town emblem, depending on political events.
3
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HERALDIKA STREDOVEKÝCH SPIŠSKÝCH PREPOŠTOV, PREDOVŠETKÝM VO SVETLE SFRAGISTICKÝCH PAMIATOK (14. – 16. STOROČIE)

75%
Glejtek M.
Konštantínove listy
|
2021
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1
65 - 87
EN
Heraldry was an important part of the culture of the medieval European society. This identifying system was originally connected primarily with the military. Later, however, the use of the coats of arms extended to the sphere of the church. In the 14th century, the coats of arms began to be actively used by high-ranking representatives of chapters. This study focuses on the coats of arms used by the medieval provosts of the Spiš collegiate chapter of St. Martin. The study of the church heraldry depends, first of all, on the amount of available sources. In the case of the Spiš provosts, the preserved items are primarily seals and also some artistic items from the architectural context. Until now, the evidence of the use of the coat of arms or the preserved heraldic elements by ten medieval provosts has been found. In most cases, these belong to the hereditary coat of arms of nobility which, by the end of the medieval period, displayed also insignia to indicate rank in a church. Although we are far from complete mapping of all coats of arms which were in use in Spiš, thanks to the preserved sources we can reconstruct their history and development rather well. Several items discussed in this paper have not been published, neither used in history research so far.
4

VOJENSKÁ SYMBOLIKA MINISTERSTVA OBRANY SR A OZBROJENÝCH SÍL SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY V PRIESEČNÍKU HERALDIKY, FALERISTIKY A VEXILOLÓGIE PO ROKU 2002

75%
Purdek I.
Vojenská história
|
2016
|
vol. 20
|
issue 4
764 - 110
EN
The aim of the study was to assess and subsequently analyse the processes of creation, development and evaluation of military symbolism of the Ministry of Defence in terms of heraldry, phaleristics and vexillology since 2002 until now. The said time milestone refers to the gradual takeover of guarantees for the development of military symbolism by the Institute of Military History under the Ministry of Defence in 2000 – 2001. In his work, the author analyses gradually the individual guidelines determining the military symbolism and elevates their continuous improvement in terms of professionalism especially, i.e. in terms of accuracy of the terminology and principles according to the three auxiliary history studies used in military symbolism, which include heraldry, phaleristics and vexillology. In terms of content, the author divided the study in three parts. Following a short introduction, he analysed the individual stages of creation of the Slovak military symbolism in 2002 – 2016. He pointed out to several deficiencies in individual legislative standards, their gradual correction and clarified the competences, scope of operation and activity of the Committee for Military Symbols. In the subsequent parts, he focused his attention gradually on the signs and badges, military honours and battle flags. He placed each segment of military symbolism in the context, defined it, pointed out the main principles of creation thereof, mentioned the applicable legislative standards and presented examples of particular composition and content solution.
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