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1

TEMPERAMENTAL TRAITS POSTULATED IN THE REGULATIVE THEORY OF TEMPERAMENT: FROM HERITABILITY TO GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS

100%
Oniszczenko W.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2006
|
vol. 13
89-111
EN
The paper sums up many data have been collected giving support to genetic and environmental determinants of six temperamental traits postulated in the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) presented by Jan Strelau: briskness, perseverance, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity, endurance and activity. Biological foundations of temperament, behavioral genetics methods as well as the sources, both genetic and environmental, of behavior variability has been briefly described. The results of twin studies conducted with the use of the FCB-TI, as well as the TCI inventory for children confirmed the heritability of the RTT traits under study in various age groups as well as the existence of a significant input of the specific environment factor into their variability. Results of molecular research concerned with the association between two temperamental traits: activity and emotional reactivity, and the polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT), the dopamine receptor gene (DRD4), and the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) in healthy men aged 18 to 27 employing the PCR method demonstrated a statistically significant association between the DRD4 gene polymorphism and emotional reactivity as well as between the 5-HTT gene polymorphism and activity. No significant association in genotype was observed between activity and emotional reactivity and polymorphism in the DAT1 gene.
2

THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY, COGNITIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM: A TWIN STUDY IN POLISH SAMPLE

75%
Jakubowska U., Oniszczenko W.
Studia Psychologica
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2010
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vol. 52
|
issue 3
253-263
EN
This study has sought to identify the determinants of religious fundamentalism. The following hypothetical determinants were tested: genetic influence, environmental influence, and such psychological variables as anxiety and assumptions about the nature of the social world. It was assumed that trait anxiety and assumptions about the social world are mediators of religious fundamentalism. The study was run on 112 participants (29 women and 83 men) aged from 18 to 28 years; the sample consisted of 19 monozygotic and 37 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together. The results of structural equation modelling showed that religious fundamentalism is mainly determined by environmental influences (38% heritable) whereas trait anxiety and assumptions about the nature of the social world are largely genetically determined (60% heritable). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between trait anxiety and negative social world view but, contrary to the hypothesis, the results of multiple regression analysis suggest that trait anxiety is the only predictor of religious fundamentalism.
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