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Wydarzenie historyczne jako czynnik strukturalny. Podbój Ameryki Południowej przez Hiszpanów w ujęciu Nathana Wachtela

100%
Falkowski T.
Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne
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2010
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issue 1
119-131
EN
In this paper I ponder the methodological issue of historic event and historic structure and their mutual relations, which were especially brought up within the French historiography in the second half of the 20th century. Having mentioned the main French ways of formulating and resolving it (e.g. Edgar Morin’s and Jacques Le Goff ’s ideas as well as these of Paul Ricoeur or Paul Bois), I try to reconstruct one of the lesser known and strictly historical propositions that aim at connecting événementiel with structurel. It is Nathan Wachtel’s work on the Spanish conquest of South America in the 16th century. According to Wachtel’s analysis, the conquest deconstructed the Indians’ traditional mental universe and at the same time, due to its traumatic feature, originated their efforts to reconstruct it by special dances. Thus, the historic event appears as an agent interfering in the structural dimension of history because it puts an end to one structure and is a source of another. Yet, this way of thinking about reciprocal relations between event and structure is not an exception within the French historiography as we can find it in various analyses made by some other historians.
2
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Co zniekształca i wspomaga pamięć autobiograficzną?

86%
Rzepa T., Leoński T.
Opuscula Sociologica
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2012
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issue 2(2)
121-132
XX
W artykule omówiono wyniki badań dotyczących pracy pamięci autobiograficznej ze względu na źródła i przejawy rozmaitych pułapek i zniekształceń oraz sposoby jej wspomagania. Okazało się, że: 1) w pamięci autobiografi cznej utrwalamy te wspomnienia, którym towarzyszą silne emocje; 2) najczęstsze zniekształcenie pamięci autobiograficznej polega na zapominaniu zwyczajnych, powtarzalnych czynności i zdarzeń; 3) najczęściej stosowanym sposobem wspomagania pamięci autobiograficznej jest gromadzenie fotografii.
EN
The outcome of the research concerning the operation of autobiographical memory in terms of sources and indications of various pitfalls and deformations and ways of improving its work is discussed in this article. It turned that: (1) in autobiographical memory we record the data which are accompanied by strong emotions; (2) the most common deformation of that type of memory consists in forgetting ordinary, recurrent actions and events; (3) collecting photographs is the most common way of improving autobiographical memory.
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