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1

ON A NEW HUNGARIAN TEXTBOOK OF HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS

100%
B-Gergely P.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2007
|
vol. 103
|
issue 4
385-399
EN
The time that has elapsed since the publication of the new textbook reviewed here gave university students and lecturers an opportunity to have registered its advantages and possible shortcomings. The author reviews the contents of the textbook from exactly that point of view. The book discusses the theoretical foundations of historical linguistics, and presents an extensive history of Hungarian: the history of spelling, phonology, word stock and parts of speech, morphology, phrasal and clausal syntax, and - as a novelty - the historical text linguistics of Hungarian are discussed period by period, followed by a chapter on the history of word semantics that concludes the book. The book is up-to-date both in its approach and presentation and with respect to the body of scholarly knowledge it carries. It is a significant achievement not only as a textbook but also as a concise synthesis of the history of Hungarian: it is especially with respect to the more recent periods that a large amount of recent research is first reported on in a coherent manner. The periodization of the history of Hungarian is also revised: Present-Day Hungarian is distinguished from Modern Hungarian, with 1920 as the dividing line between them. As a didactic feature, we have to mention the sets of exercises attached to individual sections of the chapters, serving creative application of the knowledge just acquired by the students.
2

REFLECTIONS ON COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL STYLISTICS

100%
Szabo Z.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
|
issue 1
9-18
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the status of comparative historical stylistics, the comparative branch of the historical study of literary style. Its objectives, methodology, and interdisciplinary connections are presented and a number of related issues such as its possibilities, areas of competence, and justification are demonstrated. The author's intention is to lay the foundations of that discipline, and to make recognised it on a wider scale. - The relevant issues are presented in the following five sections: 1. The comparative domain of the history of literary style and comparative stylistics; 2. Theoretical elucidation of the notion of comparison; 3. Topics of the discipline (a preview); 4. Comparative explorations in interliterary relationships and those between literature and other branches of art; 5. Comparisons within a single literature. - On the basis of the results obtained in each of the topics, the following conclusion can be drawn: comparative historical stylistics, this heretofore unrecognised branch of the historical study of style, is possible, justified, and necessary. The results that have been obtained and are to be obtained in this area will have to be submitted to further study. The main task for the immediate future is to attempt to reveal stylistic universals, as well as invariant features in the mass of stylistic variants. It is in that way that the emerging comparative discipline can progress, rising above single literatures, towards general stylistics, an overall theory of style, in line with exigent principles of the general theory of science.
3

AN UNEQUALLED AND UNSURPASSABLE ACHIEVEMENT

100%
Benko L.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2006
|
vol. 102
|
issue 3
257-262
EN
The Transylvanian Hungarian Historical Dictionary is an outstanding piece of work even within Attila T. Szabó's oeuvre of unparalleled dimensions. In his various accounts of his own life and scholarly activities, he regarded that dictionary as his chef-d'oeuvre himself; as time passed, he increasingly concentrated his attention, thought and energy on it. Among his many other superb achievements, this was the work that commanded attention in professional circles to an exceptional extent, calling forth a number of detailed reviews and analyses as well as favourable recognition from all quarters, linguists and representatives of neighbouring disciplines alike. (The dictionary is still being edited and published, Volume 13 is forthcoming soon.) This talk presents Attila T. Szabó's life and work, including personal memories of the speaker, with the Dictionary in the focus of attention. Its national and international significance is briefly discussed and its interdisciplinary character is emphasized.
4

THE CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE BEFORE AND AFTER SAUSSURE

100%
Kelemen J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
|
issue 4
391-400
EN
The title may be taken to cover two issues: (1) a narrower issue of the historiography of linguistics concerning Saussure's 'predecessors' and 'followers', as well as (2) a more general problem of intellectual history of whether Saussure's linguistics has a place, and what kind of place it has, in the overall history of thinking about the nature of language. This paper mainly deals with the second issue. It situates the 'Saussurean turn' within the more general anti-historicist, anti-psychologist, and anti-idealist turn of philosophy that is represented, in various areas, by Frege, Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle, and Durkheim, among others. Similarities and differences between the Fregean and Saussurean concepts of language are emphasised, as well as the importance of the analogy between language and money. The conclusion is that Saussure's views, to the present day, constitute one of the most important chapters of the interpretation of the social nature of language, as well as of the history of the concept of linguistic form, starting with Plato.
5

A HUNDRED YEARS OF SEMIOTICS

100%
Voigt V.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2006
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vol. 102
|
issue 4
385-391
EN
There are numerous kinds of accounts of the history semiotics, and a number of people have been claimed to be the founder or a classic of the present-day science of signs. It is primarily the nineteenth-century American pragmatist philosopher, Charles S. Peirce, and the Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure, who are usually taken to be its real initiators. Followers of the former use the English term semiotics, whereas those of the latter use the French term 'sémiologie', to refer to the general and specific study of signs today. In accordance with the subject matter of the present conference, the paper first discusses Saussure's reference to the study of signs, followed by a discussion of the work of two modern semioticians, Louis Hjelmselv and Roland Barthes, who have systematised and laid out the areas of modern semiology. It was only to a certain extent that the 'Saussurean' theory of signs was relied on by the next generation of semioticians (like the school of A. J. Greimas). Nevertheless, semiotics as it has consolidated and is applied worldwide today continues to think of Ferdinand de Saussure as one of its classics.
6

A MEMORIAL SPEECH ON MIKLÓS ZSIRAI, LATE MEMBER OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

100%
Kiss J.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2005
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vol. 101
|
issue 3257-268
EN
This paper is an overview of the life and work of an outstanding figure of twentieth-century Hungarian and Finno-Ugric linguistics, Miklós Zsirai (1892-1955). He had a peculiar, almost romantic course of life, and worked as Head of the Department of Finno-Ugristics at Budapest University from 1929 to his death. With his attractive personality and captivating teacher's activity, he won numerous young students over to the cause of Finno-Ugric studies. With his exceptionally ethical character, he set an example to all. He focussed his scholarly attention on the Ob-Ugrian languages. His most important book 'Our Finno-Ugric Relatives' is a veritable encyclopedia of Finno-Ugric peoples and languages, a masterpiece of the propagation of knowledge. He edited two volumes of Khanty (Ostyak) heroic songs that had been collected by Antal Reguly. He also made his mark in the areas of etymology, comparative morphology, and the historiography of linguistics. He played a leading role in Hungarian linguistics in the period of 1930 to 1955.
7

THE MUNICH HERITAGE

80%
Haader L.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
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vol. 101
|
issue 2
161-178
EN
This paper is a continuation of Gábor Sarbak's article titled 'An early16th-century Hungarian record int he National Library of Bavaria'. As a first attempt to analyse the Munich Heritage, discovered in the National Library of Bavaria, it tries to find answers to the following questions. In the case of paired texts, the author tries to find out how the variants are related to one another, as well as to other variants found in Hungarian codices; and whether the former can be shown to follow the pattern of some of the latter. (In the case of single-variant prayers, it is obviously only the second point that can be investigated.) With respect to the language teaching material, what is at issue is its relation to similar materials known so far. The thorniest issue, however, is what the texts reveal with respect to the circumstances among which the language record came into being and its aims. A special merit of this text is that features of written vs. spoken language can be studied with the help of the variant prayers.
8

On sound change

80%
Nyomarkay I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2004
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vol. 100
|
issue 4
395-406
EN
This paper discusses various sound changes occurring in the course of the history of a language, especially with respect to their articulatory or psychological motivations. On the basis of some classical and modern approaches, the author lists four main reasons for sound change: ease of articulation, analogy, increased speech rate, as well as some extralinguistic factors. The specific claims are illustrated primarily by Hungarian and Slavic examples.
9

KITAB STUDIES AND THE HISTORY OF POLISH AND BELARUSSIAN LANGUAGES (Kitabistyka a historia jezyka polskiego i bialoruskiego)

80%
Lapicz C.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2008
|
vol. 57
31-49
EN
The purpose of this article is to acquaint the reader with the methods and research tasks of a recently developing subdiscipline of language studies known as Kitab studies. The aim of Kitab studies is to research the manuscripts of the Tartars (Muslims) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, some of which are translations from Arabic and other languages used in the world of Islam, such as Turkish or Persian, whereas others are adaptations of Old Polish Christian texts in the spirit of Islamic exegesis. The first manuscripts were written in mid-16th century and are unique in that the (Old) Polish and (Old) Belarussian languages were written in a specially adapted Arabic alphabet. Although the 16th century original texts have not survived until today, many and various copies have been preserved, and today they constitute a valuable basis for Kitab studies. The most valuable manuscripts include the copies of the first translation of The Quran into Polish (and Belarussian) which dates back as far as the 16th century. This translation is known as a Muslim Tafsir.
10

AN EARLY 16TH-CENTURY HUNGARIAN RECORD IN THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF BAVARIA

80%
Sarbak G.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2005
|
vol. 101
|
issue 2
147-161
EN
On page 114 of a Greek manuscript referenced as 'Cod. Graec. Monac. 582a' in the National Library of Bavaria, a few pieces of Hungarian text have been found and named as Munich Heritage. Most of the codex contains copies of writings previously published in a printed form between 1495 and 1512-13. The manuscript was worked on by several hands, but a substantive portion of it can be attributed to the Benedictine monk Johannes von Grafing. The Hungarian texts include prayers (translations of Ave sanctissima, Pater noster, Ave Maria, Credo, Magnificat) and some language teaching material. Some of the prayers can be found in several versions. This paper gives a transliteration of the Hungarian texts, with philological notes and commentaries. The paper is accompanied by a photographic reproduction of the Munich Heritage.
11
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PRONOMINAL PREPOSITIONS AND POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MODERN CELTIC LANGUAGES

80%
Stalmaszczyk P.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
|
2006
|
vol. 62
157-172
EN
One of the characteristic features of Celtic languages is the absence of a singular verbal form with the meaning 'to have'. The principal way of expressing possession is through phrases with prepositions (especially Irish 'ag', Scottish Gaelic 'ag' (at), Welsh 'gan', Breton 'gant' (at; with)). Pronominal prepositions (also known as conjugated prepositions or prepositional pronouns), another distinctive feature of Celtic languages, consist of a preposition and a suffixed pronoun, or rather a pronominal personal ending. Thus the Irish and Welsh equivalents of the English sentence 'I have money' are 'Ta airgead agam' or 'Mae arian gen i', respectively, both literally meaning 'is money at/with me'. The paper discusses the properties of pronominal prepositions in modern Celtic languages and comments on some historical developments leading to this formation.
12
Content available remote

Pavel Trost a jeho celostní filologie

70%
Čermák J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
|
2010
|
vol. 92
|
issue 1-2
5-10
EN
The article attempts to portray the life and work of Pavel Trost, the oldest among the first generation of the distinguished disciples of the Prague Linguistic Circle, as a linguist, literary scholar, university professor and philologist. Surveying the principal areas of Trost’s academic interest – German and Baltic philology, historical linguistics, onomatology, contact linguistics, stylistics, etymology, German and Czech medieval literature –, as well as his method, style and major achievements, the portrayal presents Trost’s scholarly programme as one based on what might be characterized as holistic philology, guided by, and drawing upon, what Trost himself described as “the great unifying power of language”.
13

EXPANSION OF THE GREEK SUFFI X -issa AND THE SLAVONIC -ica (Ekspansja greckiego sufiksu -issa i slowianskie -ica)

70%
Ilievski P. C.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2008
|
vol. 57
21-30
EN
The Greek feminizing suffix -issa developed at the end of the classical period, became frequent in the Hellenistic and Byzantine times, and has been productive up to the present day. C.D. Buck found that its origin is unknown. As his conclusion was shared by some leading classical scholars, the author's aim in this paper is firstly to reexamine the development of the Greek suffix and to follow its extension not only to the Greek dialects, but also to the European languages with the exception of the Slavonic ones. A special attention is paid to the question why it was not accepted by the Slavonic languages.
14

HISTORICKÁ LINGVISTIKA V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

70%
Múcsková G.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
|
vol. 87
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issue 3
402 – 419
EN
The article presents an overview of researched topics from the field of historical linguistics presented in the nine decades of the Slovenská reč journal. The analysis of the journal’s content reveals that the field of historical linguistics is covered very fragmentarily and the reasons for this state are summarized in the introductory part of the paper. In the next parts, individual cases of phonetic, grammatical, and lexical changes are characterized, as well as the opinions of different scholars on the particular topics are compared. The presentation of historical linguistic topics is closely connected with other diachronic linguistic disciplines such as etymology, dialectology, onomastics, and the history of literary language. Moreover, the types of analysed questions also revealed the thematic conditionality of the historical research topics and current issues discussed in the synchronic linguistic spheres.
15

THE AREAL DISTRIBUTION OF NOUNS IN -(jer)JE IN SOUTH SLAVIC MICRODIALECTS (WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF THE WORD-FINAL VOWEL LENGTHENING) (Arealna distribucija substantivov na -(jer)je v juzhnoslovanskih govorih (s posebnim ozirom na podaljshavo izg

70%
Sivic-Dular A.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2008
|
vol. 57
111-126
EN
In western South Slavic (southern and eastern Slovenian, Croatian) sub- and microdialects an accent type which originated through lexical and accentual derivation of nouns ending in the suffix -(jer)je is exhibited by a characteristic paradigm with a long word-final vowel: N sg. -je, G sg. -jâ, etc. The corpus of such nouns , collected from dictionaries and scholarly literature, is manifestly dialectal and clearly dwindling in favor of the paradigms with short-stressed ending or with leftward accent shift and new acute tone, or with the general Stokavian retraction of accent alone. The South Slavic microdialects in question display a more or less evident tendency to morphologize the desinental stress even in the nouns that used to belong to the accentual paradigms A, D and E (e.g. Cro. Cak./Novi kamení, Sln./Prekmurje obiljé). Considering that the word-final vowel length in the South Slavic microdialects cannot be satisfactorily explained by intrinsic South Slavic rules of lengthening, it seems plausible that this phonetic-accentual type is an archaism whose origin dates back to the period when the schwas were weakening. If so, then this type can be connected with its systemic congeners in West Slavic (Czech, Slovak, Polish, Pomeranian). In the West Slavic languages, this paradigmatic type has been treated within the framework of late Proto-Slavic metatony and contraction; in the South Slavic languages, however, primarily within the framework of metatony, owing to the obvious preservation of j. As both of these phenomena are essentially tied to the weakening of the Proto-Slavic schwas, it seems in a purely theoretical scenario quite possible that owing to the different directions in the development of the softness correlation and prosodic devices, the inclusion of the examined nouns into the particular late Proto-Slavic phonological systems depended also the formal differences between the concrete
16

'NOMINATIVA ATTRIBUTIVA' IN THE OLD SERBIAN MEDIEVAL TEXTS ('Nomina attributiva' u srpskim srednjovekovnim spomenicima)

61%
Djurdjev G.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2009
|
vol. 58
37-46
EN
The author provides a description of means and ways of forming nouns 'Nomina attributiva' based on the old Serbian texts from 12th until 15th century. It presents the systematization of individual formants' derivatives according to basic word formation categories. It makes the description of the language condition in 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th centuries and gives a comparison on some important differences between word formation in the researched period and that domain of science in a modern literary Serbian language.
17

WHEN AND WHERE DOES PROTO- END AND OLD BEGIN? CONCERNING THE ISSUES OF PERIODIZATION OF THE SLAVIC LANGUAGES (Kiedy i gdzie sie konczy pra- i/a zaczyna staro-? Z problemów periodyzacji jezyków slowianskich)

51%
Pianka W.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2009
|
vol. 58
87-116
EN
The present treatise tackles three issues: 1. the periodization of the history of currently existing literary Slavic languages, 2. the chronology of phonetic changes in the Proto-Slavic langue until its breakup, 3. the final period of existence of the Proto-Slavic language and the real image of the phonological system of the Old Church Slavonic language, based on dialectological research as well as on detailed analysis of both alphabets (of the phonetic features in correlation with the graphic image of the letters). Ad 1. In languages whose writing traditions developed from Old Church Slavonic, we distinguish a Church Slavonic period of a specific recension (e.g. Ukrainian, Serbian), and subsequently the period of national revival and the contemporary language. In areas where, in contrast, the first texts were written in a non-Slavic language (e. g. Latin) we distinguish periods on the basis of cultural and literary trends. Exceptions: a) The Polish language, which has the longest uninterrupted history of weightings based on the same dialect, for which we distinguish the Old Polish, Middle Polish and Modern Polish periods, b) the Bulgarian language with a Church Slavonic tradition (the language known as Old Bulgarian, based on the dialect of Thessaloniki, used until the 18th century, and Modern Bulgarian based on the Northeastern dialect). Ad 2. It is necessary to distinguish the Proto-Slavic language, common for all Slaves living in their Urheimat, from the Common Slavic language, with dialectal differences, especially in connection with recent dialectological research, in particular since G.Y. Shevelov (1964) published his well-known work concerning historical Proto-Slavic phonology. Ad 3. The analysis of the oldest Slavic alphabets points to the necessity of revising the views on the phonetic value of the graphemes discussed in detail in the paper..
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