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Študijné zvesti
|
2012
|
issue 52
63 - 117
EN
The paper is an introduction to the problem of the study of historical maps in connection with the remote sensing, either by aerial prospection, orthophoto images, satellite images, and so on. Historical maps have always been a precious source for historians, historical geographers and archaeologists. Through their documentary value they provide possibilities for the application of several methodological approaches as well as for the search of new ones. However, the criteria for research work are fulfilled, as regards their form and content, only by the maps coming from the first up to the third military mapping. Especially the connection with remote sensing often brings a new view of the facts which could be hardly realised without it. The maps from military mappings capture the information not only about particular categories of the use of landscape, settlements and significant objects from the military point of view, but contain also indirect information about archaeological objects from which many things may be confirmed by means of remote sensing. They include several categories of objects, either directly visible in the terrain, such as prehistoric and medieval fortifications, barrows, as well as other ones. Depending on several factors, however, the facts/objects may be drawn on historical maps more or less inaccurately. On the contrary, an aerial image is an accurate evidence of the existing state, inaccurate could be just the interpretation of its content. In favourable cases, if objects can be identified on aerial images, data from the maps could be corrected as well. Naturally, during the study of maps from the aspect of archaeology several problems emerge, such as, for example, the marking of the objects of the same nature by various marks, a limited number of marks in the map key, or some circumstances not understood by cartographers, as in the case of barrows, and many other ones.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the specific subject of scientific research – permanent gullies. Even though the formation of these morphosculptural forms of georelief is primarily studied by geomorphological sciences, historical sciences are applied to a great extent in their research as well. Acquired knowledge is subsequently directly or indirectly usable in the description of history of development of human society.
EN
The town of Zvolen with a population of over 43 000 is an important regional center and traffic node of Central Slovakia. Although in close neighbourhood of the town, historical Podzámok or Subcastle quarter (Zólyom Várallya in Hungarian) made historically an administrative unit subordinate to Zvolen castle, not to a free royal town. The castle itself was since 13th century also the seat of both the Zvolen County and Zvolen castle domain. In this paper we reconstruct the shape and evolution of Podzámok over time. As a service village of the castle, earliest structures by royal courtyard already existed prior to 1244 AD. They were represented by a toll-house, manor house, barns, royal garden and a fishpond, respectively. Since 1619 AD the habitation became a property of Eszterházi House. Medieval buildings were gradually supplemented by houses of clerical staff, brewery, lord´s pub, butchery, mill, saw-mill, artisan workshops and cottages. Spatial development of Podzámok was not only influenced by military function of the castle, but also by local natural conditions (flooded area of river Slatina). The 18th century was a period of relative economic boom, in contrast to a consecutive 19th century. Besides historical written data, our knowledge of Podzámok is mainly based on little-known plans and maps of 1708-1711, 1753 and 1860, respectively. The last standing buildings of Podzámok – besides the castle itself and the cannon bastion – are those of manorial brewery and distillery.
EN
The interests of historians, archaeologists, ethnographers and conservationists overlap during research of mills as medieval and modern technical buildings. For archaeologist, a question of research is interesting in connection with the reconstruction of historical landscape. We analysed historical maps and historical written records as well as results of archaeological field survey during the research of mills in Kostoľany valley. Due to synthesis of obtained knowledge we were able to localize five historical water mills with a rich history situated on the stream Drevenica in Kostoľany valley. However, there are still many questions to be answered.
EN
Extinct modern villages Lestina and Závada are located in the cadastres of today´s Hromoš and Ďurková in north-western Slovakia. They are distant about 3.5 km from each other. The authors have recognized them on the map sheets of the First military survey (of Joseph II). Shortly after, they were identified in the field and even geophysical survey was carried out in Lestina. The contribution is focused more specifically on the analysis of cartographic and historical records, as well as the results of geodetic-topographic and geophysical survey. The analysis of these records has shown that Lestina and Závada were small villages belonging to the Plaveč dominion that had become extinct during the 19th cent. Geodetic-topographic survey and geophysical measurement confirmed the existence of relics of stone buildings in the area of extinct Lestina. In Závada only relics in the form of man-made terraces are preserved.
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