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ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH BY THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC COMMITTEE OF THE '(POLSKIE) TOWARZYSTWO KRAJOZNAWCZE' ((POLISH) TOURIST SOCIETY) (1911-1918) (Dzialalnosc archeologiczna Komisji Fizjograficznej (Polskiego) Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego ..1911-1918)

100%
Jedrzejczyk K. J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2009
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vol. 18
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issue 1-2(35-36)
51-64
EN
The author has analysed the archaeological research by members of the Physiographic Committee of the (Polish) Tourist Society ((Polskie) Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze). The Committee functioned within the organizational framework of the Tourist Society in the years 1911-1918. The aim of the analysis is to determine the main directions of the Committee's activities, especially in the field of archaeology, and to establish the identity of those engaged in its activities. Due to the fact that the relevant sources have not been preserved to a sufficient extent, a consistent and systematic analysis has been made of reports in the main periodicals published by the Society: 'Ziemia' (Earth), 'Przeglad Krajoznawczy' (Tourist Review), 'Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego' (Yearbook of the Polish Tourist Society), 'Sprawozdania Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego' (Reports of the Polish Tourist Society), 'Pamietnik Fizyograficzny' (Physiographic Memoir) and 'Orli Lot' (Flight of the Eagle). The research has made it possible to ascertain the following facts: it was not only the members of the Committee who were engaged in its activities, but there were many eminent Polish scientists who, due to the lack of Polish scientific institutions and the on-going russification, also took part in its research. The Committee had a scientific research programme, and the finances for the research came from membership fees and additional donations by the Society's local branches. The Committee's activities were supplemented by contributions of corresponding members. All the research results were published in the Committee's journal 'Pamietnik Fizyograficzny'. Relative to the times, the level of the studies and publications in the field of archaeology was very high, and many of them have made a lasting contribution to archaeological research. The activities of the Physiographic Committee of the (Polish) Tourist Society played a very important role, for at the time no Polish institutions were allowed to function that would conduct scholarly or scientific research of any kind, including archaeological studies. Placing the Committee within the structures of the (Polish) Tourist Society was thus a very carefully planned and shrewd move, as it enabled research to be financed on a permanent basis. Practically all studies conducted under the auspices of the Committee met very high scholarly standards, thanks to the fact that some of the most eminent scholars of that time were engaged in its research and publishing. The traditions and legacy of the Physiographic Committee were taken over by the Polish Geographical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne), established at the end of 1917.
2
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JAN KAZIMIERZ ZAWISZA - SCHOLAR, SOCIAL ACTIVIST AND PHILANTHROPIST

100%
Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2008
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vol. 17
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issue 1-2(33-34)
71-85
EN
Jan Kazimierz Zawisza, an heir of the Zawisza-Kizgajlo clan, took an active interest in prehistory, conducting archaeological research in the basin of the River Niemen and its tributaries, and later in the caves of the Ojców Valley (near Cracow). He maintained scholarly contacts with antiquarians and other scholars from all over Europe. He also participated in archaeological and anthropological conferences, at which he delivered papers; at a conference held in Lisbon, he was awarded, by King Luiz I, with the Order of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception of Villa Viçosa. In his Warsaw residence, he regularly received many visiting foreign scholars. Zawisza offered financial support to scholarly research and publications, as well as gave aid to people exiled to Siberia and to the poor in Warsaw. He was also engaged in the construction of affordable but hygienic accommodation for workers in the city.
3

From 'Archaeological Review' to Karol Hadaczek: Archaeology in Lviv in 1876-1914

80%
Bulyk N.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2006
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vol. 54
99-124
EN
This paper is dedicated to the history of foundation of Lviv archaeological center in 19th century. The main stages of history of some institutions, which dealt with archaeological topics and carried out archaeological research, are described. End of 19th - beginning of 20th century can be characterized as a period of formation of the Lviv archaeological centre. At that time such archaeological institutions as Regional Archaeological Society, Shevchenko Scientific Society, Stavropigia Institute and Lviv University carried out professional archaeological research. Therefore, their activity should be analysed and evaluated
4
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THE ROLE OF THE IMPERIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMMISSION IN THE PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND FINDINGS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

80%
Szczerba A.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2010
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vol. 19
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issue 1-2(36-37)
7-21
EN
The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of the Imperial Archaeological Commission in the protection of archaeological sites and findings on the territory of the Russian Empire, which also included those found in Polish lands under Russian rule. The Commission, based in St. Petersburg, was set up during the reign of Tsar Alexander II and was a state institution answerable to the Ministry of the Court. The main objectives of the Commission were to gather data on all kinds of antiquities on the territory of the Russian Empire and to conduct a scholarly assessment of their importance. The Commission was also engaged in archaeological excavations, but it was fully free to organize excavations only in state, public and church properties. The law did not allow excavations on private lands to take place until after the owners had given their permission. One of the major tasks of the Commission was to ensure a steady 'flow' of antiquities to the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Naturally, the antiquities that found their way to the Hermitage were those excavated by members of the Commission. Soon after its establishment, the Commission also issued an appeal calling for antiquities to be sent to it. In order to attract potential benefactors, there were even to be financial rewards. Rare and valuable artefacts were transferred to the Hermitage or other institutions selected by the Tsar, while those that were of no interest to any scholarly institution were returned to their owners or finders. In 1889, the Commission obtained, by a Tsar's decree, the exclusive right to conduct archaeological excavations and to grant permission to conducts such excavations, as well as to supervise the renovation of historical buildings. The decree caused the Commission to become the central archaeological institution, in charge of all archaeological work conducted in Russia. The rationale behind the 1889 decree was that it should stop all uncontrolled excavations, but in practice it turned out that archaeological sites and findings were protected only when that was convenient for the Commission or when the Commission found them to be of considerable value.
5

AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO EUROPEAN ARCHAEOLOGY

80%
Milisauskas S., Thurston T., Whitlow R.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2010
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vol. 62
35-63
EN
Authors consider activities of the American archaeologists who have contributed to European prehistoric and historic research. Since the 1960s, the number of American archaeologists working in Europe has increased, now including over 130 archaeologists working in 33 countries. Contributing American archaeologists are defined as those with US citizenship who have published articles presenting field data or artifact analysis. These archaeologists have contributed strongly to European Palaeolithic and Neolithic research, but only few have specialized in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Following a table of archaeologists and their research interests we discuss the contributions of specific archaeologists in more depth. The quantity of archaeological data generated by Americans in Europe is impressive, since numerous excavations of specific sites have been carried out. Finally, we consider some factors affecting international collaboration and those aspects of Europe which make it so appealing to American archaeologists.
6
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH BY POLES IN THE REGION OF PODOLIA (PODOLE) IN THE 19TH AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES

80%
Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 1-2(27-28)
303-309
EN
In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, many Polish lovers of antiquities and archaeologists engaged in archaeological research in the Galician part of Podolia (Podole); among them were Adam Honory Kirkor, Gotfryd Ossowski, Wladyslaw Przybyslawski, Izydor Kopernicki, Wlodzimierz Demetrykiewicz. The research was conducted under the auspices of the Anthropological and Archaeological Committees of the Academy of Learning (Akademia Umiejetnosci) in Cracow. Also researchers from Lwów (Lemberg, Lvov) were active in the archaeological exploration of the region - notably Karol Hadaczek, professor of ancient and prehistoric archaeology at the University of Lwów. Interest in the region's antiquities was shown by inhabitants of the Ukraine, among them Franciszek Pulaski and Czeslaw Neyman, who also engaged in excavations. The archaeological materials from the digs were amassed at the Museum of the Academy of Learning in Cracow, at museums in Lwów, and in private collections. Reports from the research were published in journals appearing in Cracow, in 'Swiatowit', in 'Biblioteka Warszawska' and in 'Ateneum'. The research also led to monographs and formed the basis for synthetic accounts of the prehistory of Galicia, as well as of particular prehistoric cultures and periods.
7

The Contribution of Polish Institutions of the Second Republic towards Protecting the Archaeological Heritage in Western Ukraine

80%
Piotrowska D.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2006
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vol. 54
61-98
EN
The article shows the activities of Polish archaeological services and Polish-Ukrainian relations in archaeolgy in eastern Little Poland and Volhynia (today western Ukraine) in the years 1919-1939. The Second Polish Republic created new organizational structures for protection of archaeological remains. In 1920 the State Board of Inspectors of Prehistoric Remains was formed. In 1928 its responsibilities were taken over by the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw (PMA). The PMA was the largest and most important archaeological institution in Poland at the years 1919-1939, with a wide range of responsibilities. After the Second World War, archaeologists at the PMA studied most of the material from western Ukraine which was to be found in the Museum's collection.
8
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DIARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGIST JAN BARTYS FROM THE CAMP AT KOZIELSK

80%
Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2006
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vol. 15
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issue 1-2(29-30)
279-292
EN
The paper deals with the fate of Polish officers imprisoned in Soviet POW camps in the years 1939-1940. On the 17th of September 1939, Poland, which had already been fighting a war against the invading Germany, was attacked by the Soviet Red Army. Several hundred thousand military personnel were imprisoned by the Soviets, including over 20 thousand officers. Among the latter group, there were many representatives of the Polish intelligentsia, from a variety of professional millieus, most notably researchers, eminent specialists of international renown. Almost all of the prisoners were killed as a result of a decision by the Politburo of the Soviet Communist Party. Despite the sixty-six years that have passed since it was committed, many details connected with the atrocity, known in Poland as the 'Katyn Crime', still remain unknown. Sheets from a diary of the archaeologist Jan Bartys, held in the camp at Kozielsk, provide new information on the life of the prisoners and on the situation in the camps, and they also give an account of the activities and studies of the prisoners, including lectures delivered by university teachers and scholars in various fields of knowledge, as well as of religious rites and celebrations of religious and state holidays. The prisoners were severely punished for such activites, but these were a way of combatting their longing for home and of keeping up spirits, while for the young officers they also provided a chance to continue their education. The diaries, which were found in the Katyn graves, have made a small but valuable contribution to our knowledge of the last days of the Polish officers imprisoned at the camp at Kozielsk, in the Smolensk region.
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ON THE GENESIS AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (O genezie i wczesnych dziejach Instytutu Historii Kultury Materialnej PAN)

70%
Lech J.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2009
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vol. 57
191-214
EN
The paper disputes Stefan K. Kozlowski's (2007) views on the history of prehistoric archaeology in Poland during the 20th century. Most attention is devoted to the Institute of History of Material Culture and to a profile of Professor W. Antoniewicz. It seems as if the author of the discussed paper puts too much trust in his personal sentiment and his own memory, and too little in analysis of available documents and publications.
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