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Tabulka ekvací Měsíce z latinské encyklopedie Pavla Žídka a její srovnání s Almagestem, Toledskými a Alfonsinskými tabulkami

100%
Hadravova A., Hadrava P.
DVT - Dějiny věd a techniky (History of Sciences and Technology)
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2008
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vol. 41
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issue 2
65-84
EN
A table of lunar equations is included together with other astronomical tables in the encyclopedia Liber viginti arcium written around 1460 by the Czech scholar M. Pavel Zidek (Paulerinus). To clarify its relation with previous tables, numerical values of these tables were subjected to mathematical analysis and residual errors with respect to Ptolemy's underlying model were studied. To demonstrate wider contexts, Ptolemy's theory and the method of its use are reviewed through the translation of relevant passages from the Almagest and Cannons to Alfonsine tables by John of Saxony and by the corresponding formulae. It is shown that Ptolemy's approximate method of calculation differs from his precise model of lunar equations for about 1' at maximum (cf. Fig. 2). However, numerical errors in the table in Almagest can cause final errors that are several times higher. While errors in equatio argumenti 0 were decreased in the Toletan and Alfonsine tables, the truncation of data on minuta proportionalis increase the error again. It shows that, contrary to the suggestion by van Brummelen (1994), the errors in the tables prepared by Ptolemy or his followers are not a consequence of an ingenious analysis of the requirements for precision of individual quantities, but rather a result of rounding in the procedure of calculation. It is found that Zidek's tables are an extract from the Alfonsine tables with a significant number of the scribe's mistakes.
2
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Wlodzimierz Zonn (1905-1975). Astronomer and talented science writer

100%
Hurwic J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2004
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vol. 13
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issue 1-2(25-26)
303-309
EN
The work of Professor Wlodzimierz Zonn involving astronomical research and popularization, which occupies a key place in the history of the field in Poland, as well as his contribution to Polish scientific life, fully warrant a presentation of the life and work of this great scientist, with a special focus on his manifold activities relating to astronomy. The article is based on the memoirs, published in the journal 'Postepy Astronomii' (Advances in Astronomy), by Wilhelmina Iwanowska, relating to the Vilnius period (1925-1938), and by Stefan Piotrowski, relating to the Warsaw period of Zonn's life and activity, as well as on recordings of S. Wrona's conversations with Zonn's disciples, Professors Konrad Rudnicki, Józef Smak, Andrzej M. Soltan, and with Iwona Korzeniowska. The author, who was Zonn's friend and collaborated with him in the field of popularizing astronomy, has added some unknown details that help to characterize the unique personality of the scientist. The first area in which W. Zonn was active is photographic photometry of variable stars. His further work dealt with astronomic statistics; he pointed out that dark matter is not distributed uniformly in the Galaxy, and discovered the instability of double galaxies. Since 1950, Professor Zonn had been Head of the Astronomical Observatory of the Warsaw University. He was co-founder of the Division of Astronomy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and later became head of the Astrophysics Laboratory II within the division. For ten years, Professor Zonn headed the Astronomy Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was elected President of the Polish Astronomical Society for eight terms. Professor Zonn was the author of several academic textbooks, over twenty popular scientific books and brochures, as well as over a hundred articles belonging to the area of science popularization and science journalism. Professor Zonn was a highly esteemed lecturer and unrivalled popularizer of science. He could boast of broad intellectual horizons and an enormous sense of humour.
3
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POLISH TEXTBOOKS OF THE HISTORY OF PHYSICS, ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICS

88%
Sredniawa B., Pawlikowska-Brozek Z.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 1-2(27-28)
99-125
EN
The aim of the paper is to signal the need for textbooks of history of physics, astronomy and mathematics to gain a rightful place in Polish literature. The fundamental work devoted to the history of the exact sciences in Poland is 'Bibliografia pismiennictwa polskiego z dzialu matematyki i fizyki oraz ich zastosowan' (A bibliography of Polish writings in the field of mathematics and physics and their applications) by Teofil Zebrawski. The work was published in 1873 and covers 342 manuscripts and printed publications by Polish authors since the Middle Ages until the 1830s. The current paper reviews textbooks of the history of physics, astronomy and mathematics from the middle of the 18th century until the end of the 20th century. The discussion in the paper focuses on the subject matter of the textbooks, and the scientific achievements of their authors: physicists, astronomers, mathematicians and historians of science. The bibliography of the textbooks discussed covers 100 items.
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