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1

THE PARTICIPATION OF THE APOSTOLIC SEE IN INTERNATIONAL CHARITY RELIEF FOR THE VICTIMS OF FAMINE IN SOVIET RUSSIA (1921-1924)

100%
Mroz M.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2005
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issue 2
3-19
EN
The 1921-1924 papal mission intent on helping the victims of famine in the Soviet Union was one of numerous endeavours pursued at the time by the international community and assorted specialised charity organisations involved in rendering assistance. In the summer 1921 the Vatican joined the international assistance campaign. A convention signed in Rome by the Vatican and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1922 enumerated in detail the tasks of the papal envoys in the USSR. The Vatican negotiator failed in his attempt at granting the charity campaign in Russia a religious character. Originally, the Vatican planned to base its anti-famine work upon the Catholic clergy in Russia, but due to assorted political complications, i. a. a refusal of the Soviet side to accept the participation of Polish clergymen, it was decided to rely primarily on West European monks, who were to embark upon close co-operation with the ARA and the International Russian Relief Committee agencies. In August 1922, a papal humanitarian mission, which arrived in the USSR in accordance with the conditions negotiated by Cardinal Pietro Gasparri and the Soviet representative, Vatslav Vorovski, was headed, upon the basis of agreements made with the ARA, by an American citizen, the Jesuit Edmund Walsh, who in the autumn of 1923 was replaced by a German Verbist, Edward Gehrmann. The Moscow-based main seat of the mission supervised a network of agencies in, i. a. Crimea, Rostov, Novorossiysk, Bakhmat and Krasnodar. At the peak of its activity, the papal mission employed 1 700 workers and ran about 300 kitchens and dining facilities, which provided sustenance for almost 100 000 people, predominantly children. It also dispensed medicine, clothes and shoes in a total of 25 Soviet cities. Co-operation with the papal mission encountered numerous organisational-logistic and financial obstacles, and particularly political hindrances in contacts with the Soviet authorities. A gradual liquidation of the outposts began in the autumn of 1923, and the activity of the mission became conspicuously limited. This trend coincided with a general tendency for withdrawing international charity relief from the Soviet Union as a result of a gradual improvement of the food supplies and the pressure of the authorities in Moscow.
2

APOŠTOLSKÁ NUNCIATURA V PRAZE V MEZIVÁLEČNÉM OBDOBÍ

100%
Šmíd M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2013
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vol. 17
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issue 2
80 – 92
EN
The study focuses on the changes in Apostolic Nunciature in Prague in the interwar Czechoslovakia. It is not only an approximation to the personalities of Holy See envoys, who held the position of apostolic nuncio in that time - Clemente Micara (1879 – 1965), Francesco Marmaggi (1870 – 1949), Pietro Ciriaci (1885 –1966) and Saverio Ritter (1884 – 1951) - while at the same time their agenda and activities in the Czechoslovak affairs. It strives to be a comprehensive survey, which deals with the current administration office, personnel, buildings or financial issues that were part of their everyday life in the background of the Church history in the First Republic (1918 – 1938). Taking into consideration that the Czech archives do not offer a sufficient basis for this probe, the study is primarily based on the research of the Vatican Secret Archives in Rome.
3

K NÁBOŽENSKEJ NEUTRALITE SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY V KONTEXTE RATIFIKÁCIE ZMLÚV SO SVÄTOU STOLICOU

88%
Berdisová L.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 5
424 – 434
EN
The main aim of the paper is to refute the statement of Ján Drgonec who claims that the Basic Treaty between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See created the legal basis for the greater influence of the Holy See and the Catholic Church on the Slovak Republic. The paper replies five arguments by Drgonec as it argues, firstly, that the obligation stemming from the treaty are not disproportionate if see in the context as means to protect and fulfil the right to freedom of conscience and religious belief. Moreover, the pace of accumulation of another obligation is in the hands of the Slovak Republic. Secondly, paper shows that the alleged monopoly on interpretation owned by the Holy See is mere quite a common reference to other normative systems used in the laws. Thirdly, it is true that the Basic treaty with the Holy See has different status in the legal system (it has primacy over the laws) in comparison to the status of the, however, Drgonec overestimates implications of this fact. The content of the treaties is almost the same and different legal status is influenced by the existence of the international representation of the Catholic Church. Fourthly, in order to criticize the incompatibility of the Treaty with the Holy See with the human rights obligations, there is a need to do it with focus on the specific obligations in the specific treaties, etc. Drgonec did not do so. Moreover, the paper claims that even Istanbul Convention is compatible with the Basic treaty. Lastly, the Slovak Republic is not in the position of serfdom towards Holy See. It is possible to limit the treaty obligation or legitimately violate them in case of the change of situation (rebus sic standibus argument).
4
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NÁRYS VNÍMÁNÍ VÝZNAMNÝCH ČESKÝCH POLITIKŮ V DOBĚ PRVNÍ REPUBLIKY Z POHLEDU SVATÉHO STOLCE

88%
Šmíd M.
Studia theologica
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 4
66–82
EN
The funds of the Vatican Secret Archives, which were recently made available, cover the period from 1922 to 1939 (the pontificate of Pope Pius XI). It is an immense amount of archival materials, which are principally engaged in the religious affairs of the interwar period. Among the thousands of pages of documents, the article analyses the view of the Holy See on important political persons of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1929). The work is an interesting “probe” into interwar Czechoslovakia and illustrates the familiar context with interesting details and brief remarks by the Church hierarchy. The author of this study reveals to what extent opinions and views of the Holy See were relevant in politics in Czechoslovakia and how consistent or changeable they were over time. The work is complemented by numerous references to literature and other sources.
5
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OSOBNOST BENITA MUSSOLINIHO A OBRAZ ITALSKÉHO FAŠISMU V ČESKÉM KATOLICKÉM PROSTŘEDÍ V KONTEXTU PRVNÍ REPUBLIKY

75%
Šmíd M.
Studia theologica
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 4
127–144
EN
The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes of the Czech Catholic milieu towards Italian fascism and the authoritarian leader of this movement Benito Mussolini over the years 1918–1938. Although the topic itself is appealing and intellectually stimulating, the relationship between the Czech Catholic Church and Fascism has not been systematically studied and analyzed yet. Enthusiastic Catholics were appreciative of this new dynamic movement with its spiritual anchor, morality, law and spirituality, which Fascism outwardly manifested. Over the course of the 1930s, as the relationship between Pope Pius XI and the Italian regime changed, Czech Catholics also realized that the authoritarian Fascist movement was not a third way, as it might have seemed in the mid–1920s. The study links to additional sources and literature.
6
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PROCEDURA PROPUŠTĚNÍ Z DUCHOVNÍHO STAVU PODLE NEJNOVĚJŠÍCH PŘEDPISŮ APOŠTOLSKÉHO STOLCE

63%
Stoklosa M.
Studia theologica
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 3
138–155
EN
The article acquaints readers with the latest changes in legislation of the Catholic Church in the penal law. It describes the procedure of dismissal from the clerical state according to the Normae de gravioribus delictis and the current practice of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the prescription of such offenses as well. The paper also provides an analysis of the procedure of dismissal from the clerical state on the basis of three special faculties granted by the Pope to the Congregation for the Clergy in 2009. These faculties are presented as a response of the Holy See to specific experiences of the Church and the difficulties in the application of ordinary ways of dismissal from the clerical state in an effort to protect in a better manner both the good of the Church as a whole, as well as the good of the individual cleric according to the rule salus animarum suprema lex. The extraordinary nature of these faculties should be recalled, as their use is only possible when a solution it is not possible using ordinary ways and their application is strictly centralized.
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