Horses played a vital role in human history. They were introduced rather late to central Europe and were absorbed into the existing ‘power package’. They were one of the transmitters of technologies, ideas, goods, and people. As soon as they appeared, they became part of the economy, a power and prestige symbol, an essential element of mythology. They can be traced in osteological material, iconography and riding equipment (bits, cheek pieces etc.). This paper aims to explain the role of the horsemanship in the rise of Bronze Age civilizations, in the formation of new economic, social and power structures across almost the entire continent (although in different intensity). Why did the horse breeders, riders, charioteers, and warriors become members of new elites so rapidly? I argue that the role of horses is still underestimated in the traditional model of the Bronze Age societies.
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