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THE OLD HUNGARIAN HORSEMEN NECROPOLIS IN LEVICE-GENA

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Nevizansky G.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2006

vol. 54

issue 2

285-328

The most northern Old Hungarian big-family burial place at the lower river Hron basin is situated not far from the original flow of the Perec brook. Thirteen inhumation graves were revealed there, two of them with the remains of the younger stallions. The graves were arranged in two rows in the N-S axis. The horseman graves were situated at the dominant place of a sand dune, in the middle of the second row. Apart from one infant burial, others were of the mature individuals. From the weapons only the arrowheads were found. The graves of the buried women included jewellery and the clothing ornaments above all. In the male burials the articles of a daily use together with the weapons were found. Two female skulls bore features of a symbolic trepanation. In two cases the basalt stones were revealed nearby a skeleton. In the richest horseman grave with a female burial, the components of the horse harness were placed together with the silver pentagonal plates from a front cantle, the rivets with a semi globular head and cast openwork square and S-shaped mounts that were interpreted as the hole-guards were buried. The silver square mounts decorated a caftan. A horseman interred in another grave probably participated in a war intervention into Italy somewhere between 937-947, where four silver denarii of Hugo of Provence and Lothar II. (931-945) came from. Some portion of the artifacts found at the burial place under study is of the East-European origin unambiguously. The cast rectangular mount with openwork hole from a Jumsk-type belt has numerous analogies from the 6th-8th centuries at the area of Altai as well as in the steppe and forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe. The necropolis in Levice-Gena was founded somewhere in the first third of the 10th century by the first generation of a newly coming ethnics into the Carpathian basin. Majority of the graves, however, are dated to the second third of the 10th century, when burying was stopped. At the site also the settlement finds dated to the Late Bronze Age and to the 10th-11th centuries (remains of a hut floor and a refuse pit) were excavated. The paper includes also a complete annotated list of 14 older burial places or the grave finds from the 10th and incipient 11th centuries that were revealed in the lower Hron basin.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANCIENT HUNGARIAN HORSEMAN BURIAL GROUND IN STREDA NAD BODROGOM WITHIN THE YEARS 1926 AND 1937 (Vyskum staromadarskeho jazdeckeho pohrebiska v Strede nad Bodrogom v rokoch 1926 a 1937)

80%

Nevizansky G., Kosta J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2009

vol. 57

issue 2

301-354

Content of finds that were rescued during the first phase of the investigation activities indicates that the total number of originally found graves was probably higher than the professional literature has assumed. Marking of the graves with burial mounds at the site in Streda nad Bodrogom represents an unusual and peculiar funeral rite. Some grave pits were cut straight into the bedrock. Common burying of the dead and the horse has been proved in all the four cases. In the past the graves have been devastated by grave thieves or by unprofessional interventions. Majority of the grave goods were discovered in secondary positions, skeletons of the deceased were scattered. In the grave inventory the mounts that decorated gorytos were discovered accompanied by a belt, horse harness belts and a pouch for fire lighting gear. Weapons from the grave were probably stolen by grave thieves, or they have not got into the museum collection. The material culture includes also artefacts that have their roots or close analogies in the wider east European area (human mask-shaped mounts, belt ornaments of the Cherdin type, leaf-shaped mounts with palmette decoration, pottery etc.). As of now some artefacts have no analogies in the wider middle- and east European context. The majority of silver personal ornaments was made in artisan workshops in the upper Tisa basin. At the clan burial site in Streda nad Bodrogom members of the first two generations of the ancient Magyars were buried during the first half of the 10th century.

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2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2 Nevizansky G.

1 Kosta J.

1 2009

1 2006

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THE OLD HUNGARIAN HORSEMEN NECROPOLIS IN LEVICE-GENA

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANCIENT HUNGARIAN HORSEMAN BURIAL GROUND IN STREDA NAD BODROGOM WITHIN THE YEARS 1926 AND 1937 (Vyskum staromadarskeho jazdeckeho pohrebiska v Strede nad Bodrogom v rokoch 1926 a 1937)