Search results

1

NOVÝ VÝSKUMNÝ TREND - ARCHEOLÓGIA DOMÁCNOSTI

100%

Niklová M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2015

|

vol. 19

|

issue 1

133 - 155

EN

The archaeology of households is a relatively new research trend which has existed for nearly three decades. It was created in the United States and the Great Britain but nowadays, researchers are concerned with this issue in continental Europe as well. Despite it, these new approaches in the investigation of settlements and households have been rarely used in Slovakia yet. Because of this, the author ś aim is to come up with some basic information about the household archeology as a new trend and try to apply it into the archaeological investigation in Slovakia.

2

Badania archeologiczne miast w Czechach (spojrzenie archeologa)

75%

Frolik J.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

|

2012

|

vol. 7

67-110

EN

The article summarizes the results from the archaeological excavations in the town of high middle ages in central and eastern Bohemia. The group of excavated towns includes the important settlement agglomerations of early middle ages changed during high middle ages into royal towns (Čáslav and Chrudim) and the newly located royal towns (Polička and Skuteč) and the bishop’s town (Český Brod) and mining town (Kutná Hora) and small market-towns (Hrochův Týnec and Luže). The new pieces of knowledge about town fortifications and about the form and development of town houses and about everyday life were collected during rescue excavations made in last twenty years.

3

TWO MEDIEVAL ALLOTMENTS IN KOSICE (Dve stredoveke parcely v Kosiciach)

75%

Rusnak R.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

|

2011

|

vol. 59

|

issue 1

149-188

EN

Archaeological excavation on the allotment 767 at the Kovacska Street position ranks among the biggest ones concerning house allotments in Kosice. In the past the researched area was a part of Franciscan monastery and it was probably a courtyard. There are no written sources documenting the time when the Franciscans settled in Kosice and history of the area before their approach. Contemplations on the importance of Kovacska Street in the transformation process of the pre-colonization settlement into a medieval city were motivated first of all by its historical name Platea Sclavorum or Windische Gasse (i. e. Slovak Street). The archaeological excavation allowed learning dispositions of two Gothic stone houses, defining their position toward the street and partially reconstructing size and shape of the two vanished medieval allotments. Concerning the houses 1 a 2, foundations of one-roomed buildings with disconnected stairway were preserved, which is one of the basic types of the Gothic urban stone architecture at our territory. This is a double-floored one-winged house with lower floor partially sunken into earth. The first floor, as usual, had only one room, the second floor was mostly double-roomed, divided with a wall set on a stone arched line in the lower floor. Construction of the houses 1 and 2 can be dated into the middle of the 14th century; they vanished probably during the first half of the 15th century. Apart from architecture made of stone, 17 medieval features were revealed during the excavations. They were shallow pits or burnt layers or hearths. Most of them were connected with the activities on the allotments during the houses existence and they can be dated into the 14th - first half of the 15th centuries. Only one pit had bigger size, from which an important assemblage of top medieval pottery dated to the second half of the 13th up to the first third of the 14th centuries was obtained. The assemblage ranks among the biggest ones in the town.

4

Problem mieszkaniowy i higiena w Prusach 1806–1871

75%

Łukasiewicz D.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

|

2012

|

issue 2

41-64

EN

The topic of the history of everyday life in Prussia is something new in the Polish historical writing. This field of studies is also connected with the history of housing and health related matters. There was a constant progress in the changes of housing conditions in Prussia in the 19th century; nevertheless it covered different social groups in uneven degree. The population grew faster than the number of flats, therefore their prices rose as well. As regards the prices of flats, they were inadequate to earnings, thus house-building was unprofitable. Bourgeois apartment became the most important form of dwelling because it determined contemporary universal mandatory and beyond classes model of housing. In contrast, peasant houses for quite a while fell behind in terms of standards and equipment. Gradually, over time formerly extremely expensive furniture began to be produced on a mass scale n more mass manner; consequently the middle class could afford them. Moreover, the living space was became more defined with the presence of living room, office, library, boudoirs, bedroom and children’s room became more common. Along with specification of the living space the language changed as well. Formerly, the general term chamber (Stube) was replaced by more precise term room (Zimmer); for instance a nursery room, an office, a bedroom or a living room. The introduction of corridors provided the previously absent privacy. Former common space was finally individualised. The individualisation of formerly common space succeeded. An average craftsman’s home equipment was limited to a bed, a table, a chest of drawers and a closet or chest which was a substitute for a closet. Usually, however, the master of craftsman century had his own house in the first half of 19th, while the rest of society rented flats in tenement houses. The labourers’ flats were overcrowded due to the fact that not only the rooms within them were subleased for profit but also the presence of a brother, a sister or grandparents was nothing out of the ordinary. Additionally, the large number of children within those households were expected to work, to support the family. They were treated as a cheap labour, for example in the textile industry. On the contrary, townspeople treated children as an investment, not the source of income. Housing problem (Wohnungsfrage) was the part of a social problem (Sozialfrage), and for the those days public opinion it was the cause of moral and spiritual crises of lower classes. The housing situation of the lower classes remained bad throughout the 19th century. The conservative, Gustaw Schmoller, exhorted more well-offs to wake up and realise the size of the threat of social revolution caused by bringing the lower classes to barbarians and wild animals in terms of living conditions. His solution, which was yet to come, aimed at counteraction to threat of communism. Houses for labourers built by entrepreneurs, for example in the Saarland, Upper Silesia or the Ruhr region were the new form of solving the housing problem since the mid-20th century. Those houses were supposed to link workers with their workplace and weaken their inclination for the political revolt. Loss of a job meant that the very same day a worker was supposed to leave his place of living. It is worth to mention, that those flats had much higher standards than previously described flats rented in tenement houses. The hygiene of a family in the 19th century was much lower than nowadays. The term hygiene itself appeared at the beginning of this century in German language only. Accordingly, in this respect, throughout the 19th century significant changes appeared. Accordingly, in this respect the 19th century witnessed many changes.

Refine search results

1 Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

1 Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

1 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Studia Historica Nitriensia

1 Frolik J.

1 Niklová M.

1 Rusnak R.

1 Łukasiewicz D.

1 2015

2 2012

1 2011

NOVÝ VÝSKUMNÝ TREND - ARCHEOLÓGIA DOMÁCNOSTI

Badania archeologiczne miast w Czechach (spojrzenie archeologa)

TWO MEDIEVAL ALLOTMENTS IN KOSICE (Dve stredoveke parcely v Kosiciach)

Problem mieszkaniowy i higiena w Prusach 1806–1871