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PRÍNOS LUDWIGA EDLERA VON MISESA K FORMOVANIU RAKÚSKEJ EKONOMICKEJ ŠKOLY

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Lisý J., Muchová E.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 3
238-252
EN
Austrian School cames into existence in the process of the marginalistic revolution in the 70-ties of 19th century. Due to the theoretical and methodological heritage of L. E. von Mises numerous unique ideas and theories have been dynamically developed. Austrian School is based on the theory of marginal utility, uses methodological individualism and subjectivism, rejects scientismus and excessive using of the mathematical methods in economics. Ludwig von Mises perceives the economics as an integral part of the human behaviour science - praxeology. Mises significantly developed the following ideas: the concept of economic liberalism, the economic calculations problem, the theory of money developed on the basis of the theory of the marginal utility and the monetary policy of business cycle.
2

Konwencjonalne ujęcie strategii w rozstrzyganiu problemów koordynacyjnych

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Adamus M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2012
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vol. 40
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issue 1
143 - 166
EN
This article show how communication through language can be expressed in terms of game theory. The general idea and the main line of argumentation is based on David Lewis’ book Convention (Lewis 1969) and more recent works on game theory that develop the concepts of cooperation and equilibrium. The term agreement, in the sense given to it by game theory, is used to show how to justify the thesis of the conventional nature of language. In the first part of the article some general notions of game theory are presented. Game theory is supposed to examine strategies chosen by rational agents in order to obtain preferred outcomes and is thus a good tool for describing and predicting human behaviour. It applies to situations when subjects operate reasonably, taking into account the behaviour of other rational subjects, and thus can also be used in situations of language communication. Sustaining conventionalism with game theory is possible primarily because it satisfies two basic conditions: it is both a description and a justification. Only within a complex system is it possible to explain the normative character of language, which, like utility, is only a simplified scheme. Through the analysis of coordination problems and the use of the principles of rationality and utility, it is possible to anticipate the behaviour of agents. In this context normativeness should be regarded as striving for balance, and even if another way of understanding is a deviation of the system, it still can be explored and explained within it.
3

ANATOMY OF EVIL (Anatomia zla)

100%
Mackiewicz W.
Edukacja Filozoficzna
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2009
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issue 48
73-82
EN
The author polemizes with some authors' thinking the source of evil is or in God omnipotence and in God omniscience, or that evil is feature of cosmic order. To his mind man is the only creator of values, i.e. only man is able to estimate which human behaviour is good and which is bad one.
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