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1

Human Enhancement and Transhuman Technologies in Slovak Media Discourses

100%
Petrjánošová M.
Communication Today
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 2
50–61
EN
In this article we report on and discuss our initial insights from a media analysis, whose goal was to map media discourses around human enhancement and transhuman technologies in the Slovak media. The main timeframe for material collection was 2009-2013. We conducted a search of the Slovak Press Agency (SITA) media outputs database, using thematically chosen keywords. Based on a critical discursive analysis of the material collected, we suggest that three basic discourses (with several subvariations) can be found in the Slovak press: A) Transhuman technologies and the survival of humans as a species; B) Transhuman technologies and superhumans; C) Transhuman technologies and changes in basic human nature (with consequences for ethics, morals and religions). We decided to concentrate on the closely related, intertwined discourses A and B. We included all the kinds of media targeting the general public because we were interested in the whole spectrum of potentially different ‘renderings’ of the topic aimed at all possible audiences. However, the differences found were smaller than expected. Our findings do not indicate that certain kinds of media (according to ‘seriousness’ or preferred themes) favour a specific presentation of transhuman topics, nor that they favour some discourses and completely ignore others. But we did find an appalling lack of any critical discussion from different morally anchored perspectives that would provide specific answers to dilemmas around prohibiting / regulating some technologies, at the national or international level, which are already partly relevant now and may become extremely relevant in the near future.
2

ETIKA BIOTECHNOLOGICKÝCH ZÁSAHOV DO ĽUDSKÉHO GENÓMU: ARGUMENTY RIZIKOVOSTI A ZNIČENIA ĽUDSKEJ PRIRODZENOSTI

100%
Sýkora P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 5
329 – 342
EN
Until recently, there has been a wide consensus among bioethicists about ethical red line connecting somatic and germ-line gene interventions. From the end of the 1990s this demarcation line has started to be undermined. Recently, mitochondrial replacement techniques which cross this borderline have been legalized in Britain. In addition, new very precise gene-editing techniques CRISPR/Cat9 have already been applied in experiments on human embryos. In reaction, some scientists call for moratorium on human germ-line experiments in a letter to the journal Nature. The aim of this paper is to reconsider in the light of recent scientific achievements concerning the complexity of human genome two frequently used arguments against inheritable genetic modifications: that of a high risk of destroying human genome and that of the necessity to protect human nature.
3

HUMAN ENHANCEMENT AND THE QUESTION OF HUMAN BEINGS

100%
Holub G.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 7
548 – 556
EN
This article deals with the understanding of human beings in the project of human enhancement. It shows that, in the voices of some representatives of the latter, there is a naturalistic tendency to reduce human beings either to their environment or to virtual reality. In such cases, the resulting entity would lack interiority as well as the first-person perspective. In this paper, it is argued that the possibilities opened up by biomedical sciences cannot release us from employing a multi-dimensional and integral concept of human beings wherein interiority plays an important role. The human enhancement project is not only a matter of technical feasibility; it also fundamentally concerns the essence of humanness. Hence the question of the nature of human beings and their condition is an indispensable part of this enterprise.
4

ŽIVOT V ZÓNE BIOMOCI. ETICKÝ A BIOPOLITICKÝ DISKURZ O TRANSHUMANIZME

86%
Tomašovičová J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2014
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vol. 69
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issue 6
461 – 471
EN
The papers´ focus is on the idea of modern technological human enhancement. On one hand it tries therapeutically to correct the biological defects of humans, and intentionally to create and enhance their abilities on the other. The issue is approached from two perspectives: ethical and bio-political. The explorations derive from Habermas ´s analyses of ethical discourse, which have been influenced by new technologies. It is shown in bio-political context based on Foucault´s descriptions of bio-power, that human life, though permanently given attention by political power, has been so far approached mainly from the biological perspective. The biological, however, without being more deeply rooted and socially acknowledged, is often easily misused by totalitarian decision-makers. Important consequences follow from both of these perspectives.
5

IDEA „VYLEPŠOVANIA ČLOVEKA“ Z HĽADISKA FILOZOFIE PRAGMATIZMU

86%
Višňovský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
|
issue 5
343 – 355
EN
The author presents the current context and key issues connected with the trans-humanist idea of human enhancement. He argues that from the philosophical point of view human enhancement is the continuation of the ancient ideas of human perfection and perfectionism. These ideas, when taken abstractedly, separated from other ethical ideas such as happiness, dignity, self-care and self-control, might lead to problematic consequences. Further, the paper gives an account of pragmatist philosophical humanism which at some points may look as a precursor of transhumanism or its close ally. However, the author’s conclusion is that pragmatist humanism while supporting „transformism“ keeps in mind the meaning of human endeavours which it sees in good life and good society rather than in radical enhancement of human biological nature via technology.
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