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Michel Foucault: nauki niedojrzałe i ich epistemologia

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Bytniewski P.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

2011

vol. 47

issue 1(187)

3-28

The paper provides an overview of various perspectives as well as analysis and expectations concerning the concept of 'immature sciences' suggested by I. Hacking in the context of the Michel Foucault's archeology of knowledge. In this context archeology of knowledge is a kind of epistemology situated beyond standard approaches to the sciences, epistemology, whose main question is: 'How is it possible and how should we examine immature sciences?' The main Foucauldian presumption of this question is: 'But what if empirical knowledge, at a given time and in a given culture, did possess a well-defined regularity? If errors and (truths), the practice of old beliefs, including not only genuine discoveries, but also most naive notions, obeyed, at a given moment, the laws of a certain code of knowledge?' Human sciences are the primary field for such an investigations, because of its peculiar history and specific conceptualizations. What is special in their history? Do this notion (immature sciences) suggest that human sciences are immature by their nature, or in the same manner as bygone forms natural sciences. How can these issues be approached in the archeology? What is capacity of archeology of knowledge to answer this questions?

HUMANISM AFTER HUMANISM (Humanizm po humanizmie)

70%

Borowski A.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

2010

vol. 38

issue 2

123-131

The history of the notion of 'Humanism' reflects various intellectual trends in European and universal culture since the early modern period up to the post-modern era. Their common and basic element was the classical idea of humanity (the Greek paideia and the Latin humanitas) with its origins reaching back to Mediterranean antiquity and its 'media', the so-called 'bonae artes' or 'bonae litterae'. The paper deals with a fundamental question: How is the idea of humanism with its ancient and early modern (i.e. Renaissance and post-Renaissance) background and its modern formula present in the contemporary paradigm of the human sciences? Other questions seem to be equally important: What were the main characteristics of reflection on humanism in the 19th century and how were they continued in the 20th century and in contemporary Renaissance studies, particularly in Polish? How did the notion of humanism function as a philosophical and political metaphor of the outlook in life? How did humanism influence the development of national and European identities in its political and cultural sense? What was its impact on the religious ideas of Christianity? All of these problems seem to be pivotal questions of contemporary culture.

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1 Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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Michel Foucault: nauki niedojrzałe i ich epistemologia

HUMANISM AFTER HUMANISM (Humanizm po humanizmie)