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EN
The main purpose of this article is a presentation of the H. Elzenberg's philosophical theory of the ethical ideal. I pay special attention to the most interesting, from the ethical point of view, parts of his concept. Elzen-berg proposed the ethical ideal, the so called ‘homo ethicus’. I present two ways of its realisation: melioristic and soteristic. My aim is also to prove that Elzenberg’s theory demonstrates that some features of ethical activity distinguish a human being from the background of the natural world and make them exceptional. These attributes include: the realisation of the perfect values such as the good and the beauty, having an ethical will, self-sacrifice, aspiring to perfection and moral salvation.
PL
The paper aims at grasping Henryk Elzenberg’s thought on human condition on both social and universal level. By showing an individual in the world doomed to relations Elzenberg tries to analyse distortion and over-interpretations of impulses coming both from human psyche and from civilization. By stigmatization of the shallowness of life and omnipresent utilitarianism he wants to find an alternative to raise the man to higher level, to salvation. For this he proposes focusing on perfect values, independent from man. Noticing the difference between the nature of human and other creatures he highlights the role discovering one’s personal capacities and the necessity of gathering them in what is called culture. Setting as the demand the turn first in mind, related to deepening of self-consciousness, and then also spiritual, he sets alternative roads of experiencing the world, both that given in senses and alternative-one. All of his ideas are ways of building humanity to be more essential and rewarding.
PL
The starting point for the considerations are three versions of the text of Henryk Elzenberg, kept in manuscripts, and not published until now, devoted to “meditations” over the possibility of reaching immortality in earthly life. The author, on the basis of their analysis and other statements on immortality, presents Elzenberg’s attitude towards solitude, to which people who do not follow the main social stream and are able to retain autonomy of their views independently of outer conditions are all doomed. To indicate such kind of people Elzenberg has introduced the category of “spirit aristocracy”. This category is indispensable for existing of every society. And both scientists and artists are classified to it. They reach immortality, but it is conditioned, because during their lives nobody will get to know if it is worth to make a sacrifice of their own solitude. According to the author, Elzenberg’s life may be set as an example of such a solitary spirit aristocracy.
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