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Książę i dama na turnieju. Przejawy obyczajowości turniejowej w sztuce śląskiego średniowiecza.

100%

Witkowski J.

Quart. Kwartalnik Instytutu Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego

2010

issue 1(15)

3-17

The first known tournament in Silesia was given by the duke Boleslas II the Horned in Lwówek Śląski in 1243. Henry IV Probus, the duke of Wrocław, was a particular tournament lover, what is commemorated in the ‘Codex Manesse’ from the first quarter of the 14th century. The given by him tournaments of 1284 and 1287/88 are well certified. In the 14th century also Boleslas III the Generous, the duke of Legnica, was an amateur of chivalry games. Frederick I and Frederick II, the dukes of Legnica, erected in the years 1473-1525 a specially designed tournament castle of St. George in Grodziec. There is a complete tournament outfit left behind Frederick II, deriving from 1512-15 and commissioned on the occasion of his marriage to Elizabeth Jagiellon, a king’s daughter. A modern, late Medieval tournament armour is depicted as early as ca. 1435 on the duke Louis II’s tomb. Three groups of seals should be also related to tournament habits. The first one, from the period of the mid 13th to the mid 14th century, is connected mainly with the Piasts of Głogów and depicts dukes entering the tournament lists, accompanied by dames handing in tournament helmets and pennants to them. These presentations have no analogies in European sphragistics. Therefore it seems to be the concept of the duke Conrad I of Głogów, who had been studying in Paris and got to know chivalric customs and court culture of Western Europe personally. The idea was also in- fluenced by tournament habits, works of literature and works of so called small-sized art. The duchess Jutta’s of Ziębice seal is related to this group, too. The second group is constituted by horse seals with the images of dukes dressed in tournament outfits at the moment of charging. They were in use in the period be- tween the 1250s to the 1380s. The 14th-century seals since ca. 1321 refer to French sigilla by following royal and magnateship Bohemian seals. The third group of walkers’ seals depict the dukes themselves heading for a tournament in rich outfits and helmets. These are seals of the Piasts of Świdnica-and-Jawor and the Piasts of Legnica from the period between the end of the 13th and the beginnings of the 15th century. The greatest of the horse seals is the one of Boleslas III the Generous, which can be related to the king John of Luxembourg. Along with some other patterns it became the basis for a monumental stone sculpture of ca. 1320-30, placed on the keystone of his burial chapel at the Cistercian church in Lubiąż, which is yet another unique example of chivalrous and court culture.

On the Question of the Context of the Opava meeting in 1289, its participants and the "eternal" Czech-Galician union

61%

Kozak S.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

2021

issue 30

10-25

The article covers the circumstances of the meeting that took place in Opava in 1289 with the participation of the Czech king Wenceslaus II Přemyslid, Galician-Volynian suzerain Lev Danylovych and some Polish princes. As the Polish participants in the meeting are not named in the sources, there are still doubts in historiography as to who they were. An attempt was made to substantiate the version that one of the unnamed Polish participants in the meeting was Prince Władysław I Łokietek of Piast dynasty. This assumption is based on an analysis of the eventful context of the Opava meeting, which was part of the struggle for the Cracow heritage, as well as the matrimonial and dynastic ties that played a very important role in medieval international communication. It is noted that the union of Wenceslaus II, Lev Danylovych and Władysław I Łokietek repeatedly manifested itself shortly after the meeting in Opava and was based on existing dynastic ties and the conclusion of new marriage agreements. At the same time, the assumption that Prince Henryk IV Probus of Silesia may also have been present at the talks cannot be completely ruled out, although this hypothesis is currently less plausible. Lack of sources does not allow to definitively refute any of the versions. It is concluded that the Opava meeting was one of the key episodes of the Galician-Czech political union of the late XIIIth century and clearly demonstrated how relevant international communication was in the struggle for the Kraków throne. Lev Danilovych’s participation in the vicissitudes of the struggle for the Kraków throne is considered to be inextricably linked with the orientation towards an alliance with the Czech king and is connected with the importance of an ally of the Galician-Volynian ruler ruling in Kraków.

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1 Quart. Kwartalnik Instytutu Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego

1 Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

1 Kozak S.

1 Witkowski J.

1 2021

1 2010

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Książę i dama na turnieju. Przejawy obyczajowości turniejowej w sztuce śląskiego średniowiecza.

On the Question of the Context of the Opava meeting in 1289, its participants and the "eternal" Czech-Galician union