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EN
In Procopius’s account of the Hephthalite-Sasanian War of 484, the Sasanian defeat is attributed to an overextended and camouflaged ditch. Over the time, some other ancient historians have retold these events with alternative and occasionally controversial details. The authors have found these narratives problematic, and based on ancient military and historical facts have questioned the historicity of the ditch story. The authors propose that the Sasanian army was either ambushed or was soundly defeated in a pitched battle. As a result, the battle survivors and the Sasanian state may have spread disinformation about the deadly ditch for lifting the lost prestige of their military machine and to keep the empire intact as its very foundation was already shaken.
EN
The first aim of this study is to reconstruct the main features of Peroz’s Hephthalite wars and their military significance for Persia. Secondly, it seeks to analyze the combat doctrine and tactics used by Peroz. Thirdly, the study aims to show what lessons the Persians drew from his defeat and how this affected the Persian combat doctrine. This article demonstrates how the reckless behaviour of Peroz resulted in military, political and economic disasters which undid the achievements of the previous generations. This analysis shows how his disastrous policies led to the abandonment of the reforms of the Bahram V Gur and caused the adoption of one-sided combat doctrine.
EN
Relations between the Roman Empire and Sasanian Iran in the 5th century were largely the result of settling disputes and cooperation in the face of the threat that resulted from the aggressive moves of the nomad community. A great influence on the internal policy, and later also external, of Sasanian Iran was exerted by nomads from Central Asia and especially the Hephthalites described in this text, whose influence on the Sassanids finally led to the reorientation of their foreign policy to the west, which resulted in the outbreak of a new great war in the Middle East.
PL
Relacje między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Iranem Sasanidów w V wieku były w dużej mierze wypadkową uregulowania spraw spornych i współpracy wobec zagrożenia, które wynikało z posunięć agresywnych społeczności nomadów. Wielki wpływ na politykę wewnętrzną, a później również zewnętrzną, Iranu Sasanidów mieli koczownicy z terenów Azji Środkowej, a szczególnie opisywani w niniejszym tekście Heftalici, których oddziaływanie na Sasanidów doprowadziło finalnie do przeorientowania się sasanidzkiej polityki zagranicznej na zachód, co zaowocowało wybuchem nowej wielkiej wojny na Bliskim Wschodzie.
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