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EN
In this article the authors raise the question of how to understand the concept of counter-history. In addition, the authors deal with the relationship between counter-history and historiography. In the fi rst part of the text, Counter history and the construction of the community, Maria Solarska refers to the diff erence between the legal-philosophical discourse and the historicopolitical discourse, the diff erence worked out by Michel Foucault. Th e second part of the text, Historiography as a form of counter-history, Maciej Bugajewski refers to Walter Benjamin’s On the concept of history and analyzes the counter-history as a practice of change in real history.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 2
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issue 4
157-162
EN
In the paper I resume some problems concerning the teaching of historiography at the Faculties of History in Poland. Having thirty hours to present historiography from Antiquity to Present Times, the Polish scholars must answer to the following questions: is it necessary to discuss with students every stage of the development of history, or maybe would it be bett er to focus on the twentieth century historical schools and tendencies? In what proportion the national history should be included in the universal one? Based on my personal teaching experience, I try to show how that kind of dilemas could be resolved.
EN
This text is dedicated to the life and work of a renowned Italian scholar in the field of history and culture of Classical Antiquity and a prominent university professor, Franco Sartori (1922–2004). The main elements of his teaching work were the history and culture of Classical Antiquity. He was a member of an array of scientific and cultural institutions and received numerous Italian and international awards. In his research, he mainly focused on the political history of ancient Athens of the classical period, Attic theatre and dramaturgy, Athens between Macedonia and Egypt until the times of Chemonides, Magna Graecia and ancient Sicily, Plato as a political thinker, etc. Sartori is famous for his translations of Plato’s works.
EN
In this article we refl ect on the theoretical foundations of Jerzy Topolski’s history of historiography. In the fi rst part of the text, entitled “On truth in historiography – pragmatically and idealistically,” Maria Solarska shows the relationship between Topolski’s theory of truth and his view of the community of historians, of that community’s methodological and ethical rules. In the second part of the text, “Historiography between truth and myth,” Maciej Bugajewski raises a question about Topolski’s defi nition of the diff erence between truth and myth. In our opinion Topolski wanted to see the history of historiography as the history of truth about the past.
EN
This paper examines the origin and development of the party historiography in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and 1960s. It considers this issue on two levels. The first level is a theoretical and methodological understanding through an analysis of the discourse and discursive practice with rejection of the paradigm shift in the party historiography of the fifties and sixties. The conceptual model is the existence of an unchanging paradigm, within which occurs a transformation or rivalry of several historiographic discourses. The second level is defining of the various stages of the party historiography, striving to identify the critical milestones and, based on period discussions, to formulate some interpretive and methodological shifts in the discursive practice. The main stages are defined as a period of Stalinist discourse (1950–1956), a period of post-Stalinist discourse (1956–1963), and a period of Reformist discourse (1963–1970).
EN
The presented historiography survey would like to map and assess a situation in existing research of the textile industry in Northern Moravia. The interest in the Northern Moravian textile industry started as early as in 1840s. In the decades to come, virtually up to the end of the WWII the research of the textile industry in Northern Moravia was mainly a „domain“ of German homeland researchers who focused mainly upon development of particular manufactures, beginning of the factory production, life of the weavers, spinners and homecraft labourers, much less then upon prominent enterpreneurial personalities and families. Systematic professional research of the Northern Moravian textile industry history concerning started in 1950s mainly in connection with the names of František Mainuš, Miloň Dohnal or Milan Myška. These authors dealt predominantly with the issue of the end of the guild production, development of the scattered and then concentrated production and last but not the least the rise of the industrial revolution in the first half of the 19th century. The greatest deal of the work was carried out in 1970s and 1980s thanks to historians, archive workers and other professionals around specialized research centres in Trutnov and Ústí nad Orlicí. One of them is also a well-known Šumperk archive worker and historian František Spurný who within his thorough research deals among others with a fate of prominent enterpreneurial families as much as with a development of the Northern Moravian textile industry after 1945. The last two decades nevertheless have brought forth a decline in interest in the textile production history, not being it only the Northern Moravian one. The greatest attention has been paid in the domestic textile industry to projects focused upon a research and protection of the industrial heritage in our country. However, we may generally state that present textile industry history research has been facing a considerable fragmentation of themes and a lack of a systematic approach to the given issue.
EN
The presented article is a discussion of biographies of 13 subsequent provosts of the monastery of Canons Regular of Lateran of Krakow Congregation, at the Corpus Christi church in Kazimierz district. The author of the chronicle, father Stefan Ranatowicz, lived in the years 1617-1694, in Kazimierz near Krakow, where he learned at the parish school at the Corpus Christi church and studied at the Krakow Academy (in the years 1635-1636). In the autumn of 1636, he joined the congregation of Canons Regular of Lateran. He was one of the leading historiographers of his order. His most important work is the Chronicle with the Latin title: Casimiriae civitatis, urbi Cracoviensi confrontatae, origo. In eaque ecclesiarum erectiones et religiosorum fundationes, nec non series, vitae, res gestae praepositorum Conventus Canonicorum Regularium Lateranensium S[ancti] Augustini ad Ecclesiam S[acratis]S[imi] Corporis Christi descriptae a Stephano Ranothowicz eiusdem conventus et Ecclesiae Canonico Regul[ari] professo. Its main section contains biographies of provosts of the Krakow monastery, from Konrad Aleman to Wiktoryn Wereszczyński. Apart from topics related directly with monastic matters, the author also discussed many issues relating to daily, religious, as well as cultural life of Kazimierz and Krakow, and also often mentioned social and economic matters concerning also the entire Polish State.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyse Ronald Syme’s view of History through the work of one of his best and most insightful critics, Professor Géza Alföldy. The two historians maintained a personal and professional relationship for a quarter of a century. This enabled Alföldy to understand the intricacies of the entire body of work of the Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford as few others have done, thereby becoming one of his finest critics.
EN
Medical historiography is not ‘cognitively innocent’, similarly to other movements of its kind. Like all the others, it can also be considered more as a self-reflection of the environments examining the past, rather than showing ‘objective truth about the past’, which is an image constructed by a historian. This vision is sometimes imbued with values ​​present in the environments which the historiographer represents, referring them to the past. It is also subordinated to these objectives, whom, sometimes temporarily, it is to serve. Both are historically and culturally variable. On the one hand there are, for example, the ideals of medicine, standards of rationality and the different perspectives of perceiving a patient. On the other hand, the most common educational goals, subordinate to the medical historiography. The multiplicity of such cultural factors, as a consequence, presents a curious ‘distorting mirror of medicine’.
EN
This article deals with the development of Welsh labour historiography after the Second World War by situating Welsh labour historiography into a broader context of social history. The aim of this article is to analyse the methodology of Welsh labour historiography, as well as to discuss in how far it was influenced by the emergence of a “new social history” represented by British Marxists. Furthermore, the article examines to what extent Welsh labour historians responded to the challenges of postmodernism. In the first part of the article, the book “Rebecca Riots” (1955) by Welsh labour historian David Williams is compared with the works of British Marxists Eric Hobsbawm and George Rudé. This is followed by two analyses: (1) an examination of the Welsh labour journal “Llafur” founded in the 1970s, and (2) an analysis of the influential book “The Fed” (1980) by Welsh labour historians Hywel Francis and David Smith dealing with the development of the Welsh mining trade-union organization. The last part of the article thematises the impact of postmodernism on Welsh labour historiography. In general, the article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Welsh labour historiography and it argues that Welsh labour historiography could make a considerable contribution to the development of social history by introducing some concepts, such as a focus on the academic and non-academic spheres.
EN
The history of the November Uprising is still studied from the same sources. Polish historians rarely reach for materials from Russian, Lithuanian or Byelorussian archives. The most well-known collection was prepared by Feliks Wrotnowski. It has a publicistic and memoir character and it was created a few years after 1831. This collection should be critically re-published.
EN
The article deals with the historian, publicist, translator, editor and fiction author Bohdan Chudoba (1909–1982) who spent his life in a constant fight. He fought both with a traditional conception of the academic historiography which, in his point of view, did not take into account present and national or religious accents, and the mainstream ruling in the Československá strana lidová (Czechoslovak people’s party) and not least with the modernization of the Roman Catholic Church that came into being within the second Vatican council (1962–1965). The last struggle was fought by B. Chudoba as late as in an exile that he spent in the USA and first and foremost in Spain being it the country that became his second home. The author tries to bring forth basic principles of Chudoba’s standings by means of two publications: collection of essays O dějinách a pokroku (1939) and exile philosophical-religious pamphlets Vím, v koho jsem uvěřil (2009). His journey led in fact to a refusal of historic knowledge and to an original attitude as of elementary Christian texts — including the canonical ones. Chudoba’s life story is to a great extent a tragic one: only few shared his opinions and after his decease most of his work has been left in English and Spanish, i.e. for a wider public difficult to access.
EN
This overview summarizes the Dutch presence in the America(s) with special attention focused on the Dutch Caribbean and Suriname, (not exclusively, but with major focus) in the 17th century. The central aim of the text is to explore the chosen research topics and scholarly interests throughout the second half of the 20th century and to emphasize the current historiographical and archival tendencies in the Dutch West Indies, revealing the initial colonial events which irreversibly redrew the map of the Spanish dominions in the New World.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2011
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vol. 76
|
issue 3
99-113
XX
The subject under discussion is the place where in 1243 or 1244 the Teutonic army was defeated – the basin called “Rensen”, “Rense”, or “Reußen”, “Reussenn”, “Reüßen”, “Reusen”. The names enumerated above come from the manuscripts of the chronicle of Peter from Dusburg – written in its major part before 1326, and continued until 1330. It is the oldest source which gives the name of the site of the battle and information about it. The form “Rensen”, appearing in literature, was identified with Rządz (Rządzkie Lake) near Grudziądz. Jarosław Wenta recognizing first the form “Rensen” and later also “Reusen” stated that the place must have been situated near Chełmno. As the chronicle of Peter from Dusburg failed to provide explicit identification, we employed historiographical monuments which used the manuscripts of the chronicle, as well as other sources giving the knowledge about the name we are interested in. The majority of the sources contain the name “Rensen” and names similar to it, which are identified with Rządzkie Lake. Moreover, the cartographic sources including Rządzkie Lake near Grudziądz did not recognize the basin “Reussen” near Chełmno. It is also known that the diphthong “eu” did not appear in the written German language in Prussia until the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. Peter from Dusburg did not use the diphthong “eu” in German words denoting proper names. | us, it is very unlikely that he used the form “Reussen” or a form similar to it. The author further explains his opinion on the existence of such forms in the manuscripts. In Latin palaeography the lower-case letter “n” resembled “u”. The copyists, not knowing the geography of Prussia, must have made a palaeographic mistake changing “n” into “u”. To sum up, it is quite certain that the basin “Reussen” (“Reusen”) near Chełmno never existed, and the battle took place in Rządz near Grudziądz.
EN
The edition of the fragment of the reminiscences of the Czech economic historian Prof. Arnošt Klíma about the participation of Czech and Slovak historians at the World Economic History Congress in Stockholm in 1960. Within the frame of the so-called great themes, an only major report entrusted to East European historians was presented by Macůrek and Klíma – a report about the transition from feudalism to capitalism. On the eve of the congress was held the first international meeting of economic historians during which the foundations for the creation of IEHA (International Economic History Association) and the periodically held World Economic History Congress were laid.
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EN
This article analyses and evaluates the state of Slavonic history studies in the Czech Republic at the beginning of the 21st century. It focuses on selected monographs, attempted syntheses of the history of the individual Slav nations and upon the principal periodical of the discipline, namely Slovanský přehled – Slavonic Review. Journal for the History of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and compares it with a London -based review Central Europe and the central periodical of Czech historiography Český časopis historický – The Czech Historical Review. Czech Slavonic history research deals with the history of Slavonic and non -Slavonic nations and countries in Central, South -Eastern and Eastern Europe. It, however, suff ers from a considerable lack of thematic disunity and research atomisation. Slavonic history research has disengaged itself from the philological sciences and has underestimated the importance of cultural history. It has become a sub -discipline of political history with a strong inclination towards description. Thereby, it has somewhat distanced itself from complex historical research. Th e author suggests the solution to the current situation can be found in becoming more deeply inspired by general historiography; in searching for connected and subject -matter comparable themes; in greater openness to other humanities, including the philological sciences; in strengthening the research of cultural history and a purposeful direction towards the preparation of substantive monographs, synthetic works and encyclopaedias. It is possible that one of the main aims could be to ascertain the place of Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in the creation of the Euro -American civilisation and its active participation in the relationships with other networks of civilisations.
EN
The paper is concerned with works connected with large, thematically and formally specified groups of manuscript sources in the Early Modern Age. Based on historiographic and biographic sources from the monastic milieu, it explains creation of the so-called interpretation tools, proceeding from factual description of the manuscripts, thus allowing monitoring of the factual aspect of the researched text and their authorship.
EN
The subject matter of this study is an effort to understand how the research on famine in the Western and Eastern milieu in times of the Cold War has influenced the current debate as the topic of famine has become part of the worldwide discussion. It helped to form two general paradigms of famine interpretations which can be entitled Ukrainian/Western model and Soviet/Russian model.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2015
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vol. 9
|
issue 14
22-35
EN
Heretofore little importance was attached to considerations connected with ancient historians presented in Historia Augusta, in the biographies bear the name of Flavius Vopiscus of Syracuse. However, these brief texts perhaps may enable us to understand the reason for which the author concealed his name by using six pseudonyms, and they account for the way in which he approached work with the sources. In the principal biographies of the Antonines and the Severi he drew from the imperial biographies by Marius Maximus whose work was positively evaluated in his considerations. The work contained information which was of paramount importance for the imperial biography such as the origin of the ruler or a description of his character. In the subsequent part of the Historia Augusta its creator used other sources which represented such literary genres as history and breviaria. We may infer from Scriptor’s methodological considerations that he held these literary genres in low estimation; he did not mention even one author of these sources. This supposedly influenced his polemical attitude to these source materials and the way in which he used them - he frequently interspersed their narrations with themes drawn from the works of other historians.
EN
This short study is based on the monograph titled A spanyol armada pusztulása (1588) Historiográfia, identitás, recepció [The Fall of the Spanish Armada. Historiography, Identity and Reception], Budapest, 2017. The book was written by the author in Hungarian language. This article offers a short analysis of the major lines in English historiography, political speeches, works of art, journals and secondary school education in order to show how the topic of the fall of the Spanish Armada evolved and became part of the English reception.
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