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From the North-East Felvidék to Podkarpatská Rus (Kárpátalja), with Special Regard to the Activity of Masaryk and Beneš

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Gulyás L.
West Bohemian Historical Review
|
2018
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
225-238
EN
In 1918–1919 the purest region of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy joined to the Czechoslovak Republic from the Hungarian Kingdom. At the first sight this was a simple proceeding. But according to our opinion in fact, the 1918–1919 developments in the history of the North-Eastern Felvidék were influenced four factors: 1. The conflicting efforts of countries intending to keep (Hungary) and to acquire (Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and various Ukrainian state formations) the region. 2. The people’s assemblies of the Ruthenian and Hungarian populations, with their diverging (ukranophile, hungarophile, czechophile) orientations and their searching for allies. 3. The activity of the Ruthenian emigration in the US, strongly favouring one possible scenario (i. e. the Czechoslovakian one). 4. The great powers’ decision about the fate of the region at the Versailles peace talks. Our paper surveys a seemingly most important element of this complex process, the activity of the Czechoslovak state founders Masaryk and Beneš; we also intend to present how their work resulted in the North-East Felvidék becoming Kárpátalja.
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Tomáš G. Masaryk na stránkách periodika Die Drei Ringe 1925‒1938

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Pospíšil C. V., Řeháková V.
Studia theologica
|
2021
|
issue 2
193-212
EN
The authors of this study have researched an internal periodical of the German Free Masons Die Drei Ringe which was published from the year 1925 until 1938. Their interest focuses on the attitude of the German Free Masons towards the figure of T. G. Masaryk in the First Czechoslovak Republic. There are neither positive nor negative expressions of interest towards the first President until the year 1929. An increasing number of references and a growing intensity of expressed esteem are apparent as of 1930. German Free Masons in Bohemia and Moravia were especially attracted to Masaryk’s concept of humanity, democracy and equality of nations. Much less focus is given to the religious dimension of Masaryk’s thinking, probably only from the side of the German professor of philosophy Oscar Kraus who presents Masaryk’s practical monotheist religiosity, naturally very understandable and attractive for the Free Masons. It is evident, however, that German Free Masons hold a strongly positive attitude towards Czechoslovakia, the country in which they lived, so they could be paradoxically referred to as true "Czechoslovakians".
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