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PL
The problem discussed in this article concerns the relationship between hope and action styles in adolescents. An action style is a way in which man perceives and responds to the outside world, and it may be aimed at securing oneself or interacting with the surroundings. The main aim of this analysis was to find out if, and to what degree, the level of hope is connected with action styles. The following hypotheses are proposed: H – 1. There is a relationship between hope and an action style. H- 2. Persons with different types of hope are characterised by different styles of action. H – 3. Persons with a high level of hope have a cooperation­‑oriented style. H – 4. Persons with a low level of hope are often characterised by a style aimed at protecting themselves. 149 persons aged 17 – 18 participated in the study. The following methods were used: the Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12) – compiled by Trzebiński and M. Zięba, the Hope for Success Questionnaire (KNS) – adaptation of C. R. Snyder’s questionnaire made by M. Łaguna, J. Trzebiński and M. Zięba, as well as the Action Styles Questionnaire by Z. Uchnast. The results obtained have allowed the researchers to form the opinion that hope helps individuals function better in the world. The way in which a person perceives the world and their own capabilities translates into the style of action which they choose. A person who is full of hope seeks self­‑actualisation as well as cooperation with others.
EN
Jan Hus treated the theological virtue of hope in his commentary to the 3rd book of the Sentences of Peter Lombard (distinction 26). The text provokes Hus to ask three questions: Is the definition of hope by Peter Lombard correct? Is hope a virtue? Is it possible to have hope without love? In my paper, I analyse Hus’ answers to these questions including their sources. Jan Hus is mostly in agreement with the great scholastic theologians and when he criticizes Tomas Aquinas, he can support his position by means of the authority of St. Augustine.
EN
What is hope, does it belong to any cognitive structure of the mind or rather is it a kind of human feeling? The aim of this paper is to describe the theory of hope according to C.R. Snyder (1944–2006). This contemporary point of view has provided a lot of inspiration for many studies in a variety of different fields. Undoubtedly, the reality of hope has a big impact on educational performance, health condition, stress management and adaptive skills. It is not only a life-line in times of emergency or strife, when humans have to cross some difficulties in life, but it is also the daily force to live in the present. Hope according to Snyder is a three dimensional construct of the integrated cognitive process (willpower, waypower and goal direction). The applicability and power of this construct lies in its potential to change the general level of hope in individual lives and social groups, not just in the future, but in the present.
EN
The main aim of the current study was to examine whether and how life satisfaction is related to propensity to forgive one’s transgressor. Additionally, it also explored the relationship between life satisfaction and other chosen psychological variables, such as optimism and gratitude. The study involved 338 persons between 16 and 83 years of age. For the measurement of psychological variables the following research tools were used: Satisfaction With Life Scale, Transgression- Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory, Gratitude Questionnaire, and Learned Optimism Test. Among the study participants satisfaction with life was positively correlated with the conviction about a permanent and ubiquitous nature of positive events, optimism and gratitude. The study also observed a negative correlation between satisfaction with life, the motivation for revenge and avoidance motivation, and the perception of a permanent and ubiquitous nature of adverse events.
EN
The article points out that each Christian might be given to the world as a symbol of hope. This attempt is not going to be successfully carried out without the essential source of divine and humanity – the eternal Word. Focusing on the social teaching of Benedict XVI, we may claim that the virtue of hope connected with love and faith provides unique and inspiring horizons, the intimate resource of which is the divine promise already fulfilled in Christ. The Christian lofty vocation radiates goodness and cordiality and helps us understand God’s grace. In this sense, we are able to spread peace, joy and mercy; knowing that, we discharge our responsibility to the contemporary world. Our hope cannot be seen outside the current history, for we trust in God who is present in the midst of human lives and guides them to their fulfilment.
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PL
Wbrew szeroko rozpowszechnionemu ujęciu filozofii Blocha, w ramach którego określana jest ona jako „mistyczna”, „eschatologiczna”, „idealistyczna” itd.,niniejszy tekst pokazuje, że najlepszą drogą interpretacji tej myśli jest jej interpretacja przez pryzmat marksistowskiej filozofii praktycznej. Podobnie jak Labriola i Gramsci, Bloch rozwija swoje pojęcie materializmu w oparciu o Marksowskie Tezy o Feuerbachu. Jego koncepcje „najwyższego dobra” i „techniki sojuszu” podejmują perspektywę pojednania pomiędzy ludźmi i naturą, bliską młodemu Marksowi; jego teoria antycypacji i nadziei skupia się na rozwoju kolektywnych możliwości działania; nawet jego „ontologia jeszcze-nie”, często krytykowana za teleologiczność, jest tak naprawdę oparta na pojęciu „otwartych możliwości” i tym samym może być interpretowana w ramach „słabej siły teleologicznej” przynależącej ludzkiej sprawczości. Niemniej jednak z perspektywy praktyczno-filozoficznej widać, że filozofia Blocha musi również zostać przemyślana na nowo w sposób, który uporałby się z jej esencjalistycznymi założeniami i zróżnicowałby jej teleologię.
EN
Contrary to the widespread portrayal of Bloch’s philosophy as “mystical,” “eschatological,” “idealistic” etc., the essay shows that it is best interpreted through the framework of a Marxist philosophy of praxis. Similarly, to Labriola and Gramsci, Bloch develops his concept of materialism from Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach. His concepts of the “highest good” and of an “alliance technique” take up young Marx’s perspective of a reconciliation between humans and nature; his theory of anticipation and hope is centered on the development of collective capacities to act; even his “ontology of the not yet,” which is often criticized for its teleology, is actually based on the concept of “open possibilities” and can thus be interpreted in terms of the “weak teleological force of open possibilities.” However, from a praxis-philosophical perspective, Bloch’s philosophy is also in need of a rethinking that overcomes its essentialist presumptions and pluralizes its teleology.
EN
The beginning of the 21st century is stigmatized by the atmosphere of the crisis. We can also observe that the number of members of the Christian Churches in Europe is still decrease. Theology tries on different ways to understand a process of the secularization of the modern and postmodern societies. The article describes very shortly a recent situation in the Europe (monetary crisis, terrorism, radical right-wing movement) and tries to answer the question if the Christian theology and the Faith have a proper proposition for the modern man. During discussion with the philosophical theory of German Humanist Ernst Bloch (concrete Utopia), the Author shows a perspective of hope as a relevant message to the recent situation. The Theology of hope introduced by Jürgen Moltmann is the best exemplification of the dialog of the Christian heritage with the modern research in the humanistic studies. The problem of the Salvation of the human being as well as the all Creation is still present in the new form of the theological dogmatic. The main purpose of the Christianity and its theology is to give people the message of hope in the World of hopeless.
Vox Patrum
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2006
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vol. 49
683-692
IT
Agostino, Pseudo-Ilario di Arles e Beda il Venerabile hanno commentato nei loro scritti il versetto della Prima Lettera di san Giovanni Apostolo: „Chiunque ha questa speranza in lui, purifica se stesso, come egli e puro” (1Gv 3, 3). II Vescovo d’Ippona, polemizzando con la dottrina proposta da Pelagio e i suoi seguaci, interpretava la frase di Giovanni nel contesto del suo insegnamento sulla liberta e la grazia.
EN
The subject of the study is the cult of the Immaculate Mary, who is the personification of the theological virtue of hope. Particular consideration was given to the Marian sanctuary in Górka Klasztorna, where the oldest revelation of the Mother of God on Polish soil took place in 1079. The purpose of the study is to synthetically discuss the content of the scientific texts included in the publication “There is hope, because there is Immaculate”. To achieve the goal, the method of analysis of the content of the texts and the method of synthesis were used. The research conducted allows us to present conclusions: Górka Klasztorna is the site of the oldest apparition of the Mother of God in the Polish lands, and the sanctuary erected there was entrusted in 1923 to the pastoral care of the Congregation of Missionaries of the Holy Family, founded in 1895 in Grave in the Netherlands by the Servant of God, Father Jan Berthier (1840-1908). The activities of the missionaries in Górka Klasztorna also place in the context of the dramatic events of the 20th century. The cult of Mary has a biblical and liturgical basis. The Immaculate is the image of the new man. Her person and participation in the work of salvation is the content of the sermons and teachings of prominent theologians and pastors, as exemplified by Anthony of Padua, John Berthier, Joseph Kentenich. In Christian iconography, the characteristic types of representations of Mary are known, which are discussed using examples of selected paintings. A theological interpretation of the image from Monastery Hill is also given. Mary Immaculate is an important foundation of Christian hope and a model to be presented in catechesis for adults on the themes of eternal life and eschatological issues.
PL
Przedmiotem badań jest kult Niepokalanej będącej uosobieniem teologicznej cnoty nadziei; szczególnie uwzględniono sanktuarium maryjne w Górce Klasztornej, gdzie w 1079 roku doszło do najstarszego na ziemiach polskich objawienia Matki Bożej. Celem opracowania jest syntetyczne omówienie treści tekstów naukowych zamieszczonych w publikacji Jest nadzieja, bo jest Niepokalana. Do osiągnięcia celu zastosowano metodę analizy treści tekstów oraz metodę syntezy. Przeprowadzone badania pozwalają na przedstawienie wniosków: Górka Klasztorna jest miejscem najstarszego na ziemiach polskich objawienie Matki Bożej, a wzniesione tam sanktuarium powierzone zostało w 1923 roku duszpasterskiej trosce Zgromadzenia Misjonarzy Świętej Rodziny, założonego w 1895 roku w Grave w Holandii przez Sługę Bożego, ks. Jana Berthiera (1840-1908). Działalność misjonarzy w Górce Klasztornej w ciągu stu lat odbywała się w kontekście dramatycznych wydarzeń XX wieku. Kult Maryi ma podstawy biblijne i liturgiczne. Niepokalana jest obrazem nowego człowieka. Jej osoba i udział w dziele zbawienia jest treścią kazań i nauczania wybitnych teologów i duszpasterzy, co przedstawiono na przykładzie Antoniego z Padwy, Jana Berthiera, Józefa Kentenicha. W ikonografii chrześcijańskiej znane są charakterystyczne typy przedstawień Maryi, które zostały omówione na przykładach wybranych obrazów. Podana została też teologiczna interpretacja obrazu z Górki Klasztornej. Niepokalana jest ważnym fundamentem nadziei chrześcijańskiej i wzorem do przedstawienia w katechezie dla dorosłych na tematy życia wiecznego i zagadnień eschatologicznych.
Logos i Ethos
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2022
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vol. 59
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issue 1
149-176
EN
The crisis of modernity is a fundamental crisis for, as Józef Tischner claims, in its core it is a crisis of hope. To overcome this crisis is a task of contemporary man, and philosophy serves its role within this effort – thinking can arrive at the original experience of hope and reach to those layers of reality which enable the renewal of hope. From this perspective, both Tischner’s philosophy of drama and agathology – thinking aimed at the description of drama salvation and damnation, as well as engaged in the proces of revealing the peculiar logic of what is beyond beings and Being – open up to the possibility of overcoming the crisis-marked situation of contemporary man. Eventually, there seems to be an irreducible element of good within the reality.
PL
Kryzys nowoczesności jest kryzysem fundamentalnym, jest bowiem, jak uważa Józef Tischner, kryzysem nadziei. Zadaniem współczesnego człowieka jest przezwyciężenie tego kryzysu, a filozofia może w tym dopomóc – ponieważ myśl może sięgnąć do źródłowego doświadczenia nadziei, może odnaleźć te pokłady rzeczywistości, które umożliwiają odnowienie nadziei. W takiej perspektywie Tischnerowska filozofia dramatu i agatologia – a więc myślenie skupione na analizie i interpretacji dramatu ocalenia i zguby, a także na ujawieniu swoistej logiki tego, co ponad bytem i byciem – prowadzą do możliwości przezwyciężenia naznaczonej kryzysem sytuacji współczesnego człowieka. W rzeczywistości wydaje się nieusuwalnie tkwić nieredukowalny element dobra.
11
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Nadzieja egzystencjalna

51%
EN
The article is an attempt at phenomenological reflection on hope. On the way of this study, on the one hand, I oppose the popular practice of "theologizing" of hope, i.e. treating it as a theological virtue, on the other - the scientific attempts to naturalize it. As a result, I discover hope as "existential hope" which presents itself as a fundamental „way of being” of existence.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą podjęcia fenomenologicznej refleksji nad nadzieją. Na drodze tego badania z jednej strony przeciwstawiam się popularnej praktyce „teologizowania” nadziei, tj. traktowania jej jako cnoty teologalnej, z drugiej – naukowym usiłowaniom jej naturalizowania. W rezultacie odkrywam nadzieję jako „nadzieję egzystencjalną”, która przedstawia się jako fundamentalny sposób bycia egzystencji.
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