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1

Een unicum in Europa. Hugo de Groot en zijn Jodenreglement

100%
Engelbrechtová J., Engelbrecht W.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 29
207-227
EN
The article discusses the Jodenreglement (Jewish regulations) of Hugo Grotius (1615) and the circumstances under which this treatise was written. After a brief overview of the development of the concept of “tolerance”, a short survey of the Jewish presence in the Netherlands is given. The article then discusses the reasons for drafting the treatise, the life of Hugo Grotius and the text itself which resulted in the de facto tolerance of Jews in Amsterdam.
2

Aanwezigheid van werk van Hugo de Groot in Debrecen

100%
Engelbrechtová J.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
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2017
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vol. 27
89-115
EN
This paper discusses the occurrence of books of the Dutch humanist Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) in the Main Library of the Debrecen Reformed Theological University (founded in 1538). The results of this research are compared with the results of a similar research project conducted some years earlier in Olomouc and Prague. A complete list of works of Grotius in Debrecen is presented is in the annex.
3
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"Mare liberum" w myśli polityczno-prawnej Fernando Vázqueza de Menchaca (1512–1569). Uwarunkowania, korzenie, istota

84%
Jakóbczyk-Adamczyk P.
Studia Maritima
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2017
|
vol. 30
5-20
EN
The discussion on the concept of the sea as an open space (mare liberum) or closed space (mare clausum) within the context of the principles of modern international law formulated in the seventeenth century, constituted a continuation of the disputes lasting since ancient times. Grotius’ thought, ground-breaking in many ways, drew upon the accomplishment of the Spanish law school of the sixteenth-century. During the period when Spain was taking control over the Atlantic routes, the representatives of the school that followed the scholastic tradition attempted to establish the validity of the principle of the freedom of the seas. The argumentation of F. de Vitoria’s disciples was devoid of theological polemics and political motivation. F. Vázquez de Menchaca presented his view on the issue of the status of the seas, the navigation right, and also indirectly trade, in a treaty called Controversiarum illustrium aliarumque usu frequentium libri tres, first published in 1564. His conception, being the result of his extraordinary erudition and intellectual independence, is characterised by unique originality and rationalism. Referring to the concept of natural law and its inviolability, mainly the principle of the common good and the idea of the international community, the author laid the foundations for the utilitarian doctrine, later systematized by the Dutch philosopher.
PL
Dyskusja nad koncepcją morza jako przestrzeni otwartej (mare liberum) lub zamkniętej (mare clausum) w ramach formułowanych w XVII wieku zasad nowożytnego prawa międzynarodowego była kontynuacją dysput toczonych od czasów starożytnych. Myśl Grocjusza, przełomowa w wielu aspektach, sięgała do dorobku XVI-wiecznej hiszpańskiej szkoły prawa. W okresie, kiedy Hiszpania przejmowała kontrolę nad szlakami atlantyckimi, przedstawiciele szkoły, która kontynuowała tradycję scholastyczną, próbowali legitymować zasadę wolności mórz. Argumentacja uczniów Francisco de Vitoria pozbawiona była teologicznej polemiki czy politycznej motywacji. Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca przedstawił swoją koncepcję statusu mórz, prawa do żeglugi, a pośrednio także handlu w traktacie pt. Controversiarum illustrium alliarumque usu frequentium libri tres, po raz pierwszy opublikowanym w 1564 roku. Jego stanowisko, będące wynikiem nadzwyczajnej erudycji i niezależności intelektualnej, charakteryzuje wyjątkowa oryginalność i racjonalizm. Odwołując się do idei prawa natury i jego nienaruszalności, przede wszystkim zaś do zasady dobra wspólnego oraz idei międzynarodowej wspólnoty, autor położył podwaliny pod utylitarną doktrynę, usystematyzowaną następnie przez Hugo Grocjusza.
4
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Między epokami. Idea wolności w myśli Hugo Grocjusza

67%
Urbańczyk M.
Themis Polska Nova
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2017
|
issue 1(12)
101-124
EN
The purpose of this article is to present Hugo Grotius’s views concerning the idea of freedom. It must be pointed out that the idea of freedom was not the subject of a separate thought, except for the freedom of the seas, which Grotius dedicated a separate work. Theses on freedom were formulated in the light of other issues such as natural law or the essence and scope of state power. For this purpose, the first part of the article presents a historical background. In the second part, Grotius’s views will be presented in three contexts. First, freedom of the individual as power over oneself. Second, freedom in political terms, as a relationship of community. Finally freedom in the global aspect, as freedom of navigation, trade and migration.
5
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Přirozená subjektivní práva mezi středověkem a novověkem

43%
Šejvl M.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2017
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vol. 156
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issue 5
416-452
EN
This article focuses on different conceptions of natural rights in scholars of the high Middle Ages (Henry of Ghent,Duns Scotus, Ockham,Marsilius of Padua,Gerson, Summenhart) and of early Modernity (Vitoria, Suárez,Grotius). First the opinions of these scholars’ on natural law are presented, then their „definitions“ of ius as right, their use of permissive natural law and finally their conceptions of natural rights are analysed (natural right to private property is used to demonstrate the last point). Instead of the „dividing line“ between medieval and modern ideas on natural rights the paper argues for the continuity that lies in the fact that the same or similar concepts are reinterpreted and used to build new theoretical constructions. It tries to show that various natural „rights“ (in Henry of Ghent, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham) are in fact Hohfeldian liberties and not Hohfeldian claims and in this sense they are not rights. It criticizes the thesis which is still common (at least in the Czech and Slovak literature) that natural rights theories were triggered by the development of metaphysical nominalism and voluntarism in the high Middle Ages. Instead it tries to find reasons for the development of particular natural rights theories in various ways the scholars reacted on the particular problems of their times.
CS
Tento článek se pokouší zmapovat různé názory na přirozená práva myslitelů vrcholného středověku (Jindřich z Gentu, Duns Scotus, Ockham, Marsilius z Padovy, Gerson, Summenhart) a raného novověku (Vitoria, Suárez,Grotius) tak, že nejdříve představí jejich názory na přirozené objektivní právo, jejich vymezení ius jakožto subjektivního práva, operace s permisivním přirozeným objektivním právem a konečně jejich koncepce přirozených práv (k jejichž demonstraci používá především právo na soukromé vlastnictví). Místo někdy postulovaného předělu mezi středověkem a novověkem ukazuje naopak kontinuitu v názorech, která podle autora spočívá v tom, že často stejné či podobné koncepty jsou různými autory reinterpretovány a použity v nových kontextech. Ukazuje, že přirozená „práva“ u některých myslitelů (Jindřich z Gentu,Marsilius, Ockham) nejsou hohfeldovskými nároky (claims), a tedy subjektivními právy, ale hohfeldovskými volnostmi (liberties). Kritizuje také (minimálně v tuzemské literatuře převládající) tradiční přístup hledající spojitost mezi koncepcemi přirozených práv a nástupem metafyzického nominalismu či voluntarismu. Naopak hledá důvody pro partikulární rozvinutí koncepce přirozených práv v tom, jak zde představení myslitelé reagují na problémy, které před ně postavila doba, v níž žili.
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