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Women, gender, and political imprisonment in the Hungarian Siberia, 1919–1924

100%

Gioielli E.

Historyka Studia Metodologiczne

2022

vol. 52

165-183

The incarceration of those determined to be security risks was a common feature of the wartime regimes of most European belligerents throughout the Great War. Yet, especially in several of the Habsburg successor states, internment and politicised incarceration continued as the war morphed into smaller wars, revolutions, and counterrevolutions. This paper traces the social history of political incarceration in Hungary between approximately 1914–1924, with special attention to the post‑armistice period, during which wartime emergency laws were extended or revised to deal with political upheaval and renewed regional warfare. Within this framework, the paper focuses on the experience of one woman, a university‑educated teacher, who became a leading leftist educator and was imprisoned for her role in the Hungarian Republic of Councils (also called the Hungarian Soviet Republic) in 1920. She left Hungary for the Soviet Union in the 1920s as part of a prisoner exchange, and she remained there until the end of World War Two. She later returned to Hungary, and in 1953, published a memoir about her experiences during World War One and its aftermath. Using a gendered analysis to move from the larger context to the individual experience helps reveal continuity and change from Hungary’s Great War to its “war after war,” as well as the systematic and improvised nature of carceral deprivation and violence against female political prisoners. It also shows how the gendered memories of the Long World War One inflected the post‑1945 socialist party’s ideological mobilisation of women, putting forward an example of socialist womanhood that simultaneously challenged and reinforced the categories of prisoners and activists.

Idee i czyny: Węgierska Republika Rad 1919 roku jako przykład totalitarnego reżimu rewolucyjnego

72%

Baziur G.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

2015

vol. 12

35-58

In the article, Grzegorz Baziur described the history and the fate of the Hungarian Soviet Republic and its aggression against neighboring Slovakia, where was proclaimed Slovak Soviet Republic. It was an attempt to “export of revolution” from Hungary to Czechoslovakia. The author describes the circumstances of raising power in Budapest by the Hungarian communists and the totalitarian system that they created during the dictatorship from March to August 1919. The author discusses the social reaction to the repression and crimes of the regime of Béla Kun: from the initial public passivity to resistance in the country, and the role of Hungarian political exile in Vienna in the fight against the communists. Further author discusses the Entente’s military intervention and liquidation of the WRR and the withdrawal of the Red Army of Hungary from Slovakia at the beginning of August 1919. In the final part of the text author has devoted the situation in Hungary after the suppression of the revolution by discussing: white terror and extend the rule of Admiral Miklos Horty as regent, which was a continuation of the monarchy in Hungary.

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Women, gender, and political imprisonment in the Hungarian Siberia, 1919–1924

Idee i czyny: Węgierska Republika Rad 1919 roku jako przykład totalitarnego reżimu rewolucyjnego