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EN
In the discussion that has been going on since the end of the WW II in Germany and which concerns German patriotism, CDU and CSU parties have taken over the role of its regulator by the extortion of taking the offensive from the SPD. At the beginning of the 21st century the debate on the patriotism in Germany was mainly focused on the value system that was supposed to be the foundation of an agreement and social activity by uniting all the social strengths for the good of the common country. The debate, carried out under the banner of ‘Leitkultur’, though socially important, was only a smoke-screen beyond which the manipulation of the immigration law had taken place. In the end, the immigration law bill was passed in a form that did not satisfy any of the co-originator parties. At the same time the act of citizenship was changed. The effectiveness of its solutions, as a means of social integration, is disputable.
EN
The article introduces the Polish reader to the English concept of regularisation (Fr. régularisation, Ger. Regularisierung), its meaning and scope in immigration law, encouraging the use of the term 'regularyzacja' as its Polish equivalent and explaining the differences between this concept and the ones used interchangeably in Polish literature of the subject, namely 'legalizacja' (legalisation), 'abolicja' (abolition) and 'amnestia' (amnesty). As opposed to the latter three, regularisation consists in granting an illegal immigrant the right of residence and other rights connected with it, among others the right to take up employment. Over the last decades some of the member states of the European Union have been implementing regularisation of the status of illegal immigrants who are staying on their territory. However, opinions on such schemes vary and the conclusions that follow from the conducted surveys are unequivocal. For this reason it seems justified to analyze diverse aspects of the regularization operations - their reasons and legal grounds, as well as the character and type of measures taken within their framework, their scale and results.
EN
A careful analysis of the American immigration law points at two important tendencies. First, the directions for regulations concerning immigrants have been mainly formed on the federal level, while the state regulations had to accord with the rules established by the Congress. If the Supreme Court determined the constitutional range of guarantees granted to immigrants, it mainly decided on the division of competences then in force between the state and federal governments. Second, the interpretation of immigration law has depended on political factors, often described as ideological. On one had, these have been in line with the general direction of U.S. politics, on the other hand, they could have been subject to a more liberal or conservative approach to the scope of protecting immigrants' rights The aim of this paper is to depict the above-mentioned tendencies by means of an analysis of selected opinions of the United States Supreme Court, which due to their precedent character confirmed the direction of the state's policy concerning the status of immigrants. It is worth researching whether and how did the liberal or conservative sentiments of the Supreme Court Judges as well as the political interest of the governing administration affect the interpretations of the constitutional status of legal and illegal immigrants. For the purpose of this analysis over 30 opinions of the Supreme Court have been chosen. which in the author's opinion constitute the fundamental research material for evaluating the directions in which the constitution had been interpreted regarding the immigration of the American state.
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