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Konjunktiv v nepřímé řeči v němčině: vývoj názorů v německé lingvistice

100%
Koutova M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2011
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vol. 93
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issue 2
81-94
EN
The article deals with the development of the views on the use of the subjunctive mood in indirect speech in German presented in German specialist literature from the 1950s of the 20th century until the present. The development of the views is characterised on the basis of seven editions of the renowned German grammar Duden and other grammars, monographs and articles published in Germany. Until the 1980s, German grammars were dominated by the prescriptive conception, which imposed normative rules for the use of the subjunctive in indirect speech. The main features of this traditional conception included the compulsoriness of the subjunctive in indirect speech and the thesis about the expression of the speaker's attitude by means of different moods. Since the 1970s, a new conception, based on language usage, has gradually been gaining ground; this distinguishes between the use of the subjunctive and the indicative in both written and spoken language and in different text types and casts doubt on the thesis of the speaker's attitude.
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„Vícehlasí“ v českých lidových písních: několik textovělingvistických sond do jejich textury

51%
Daneš F.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2012
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vol. 73
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issue 4
312-324
EN
This paper demonstrates the mutual relations between the various “voices” in Czech folk songs and the way in which these voices can be identified. The introductory section characterizes the specific features of the songs: the concision and condensation of their structure, as well as their emotionality of expression. The second section is devoted to the analysis of a selected corpus of folk songs from the perspective of heteroglossia. Their texture appears as a net of relations and functions which operate on different levels, stand in mutual complementarity, partly overlapping, and show differing relevance. Using methods of text linguistics, the author concentrates on two relations and functions – speech acts and compositional functions – as well as personal attitudes. The analysis focuses on utterances with the communicative function of appeal, i.e. on the interrogative and addressing turns which are quite frequent in Czech folk songs, on their interactive structure and modes of direct and indirect speech. The author shows that the song genre has two faces: it is a compact combination of verbal text and its musical part (the tune) which may appear to be uneven in their mutual relations. The last section deals with the phenomenon of intertextuality in the song structure.
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