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1

Renaissance of the European Union’s Industrial Policy

100%
Ambroziak A. A.
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
|
2014
|
vol. 17
S.37-58
EN
After the economic crisis of 2008–2010 the Member States, instead of improving cooperation and deepening their integration within the Internal Market of the EU, began thinking about public interventions, including changes in state aid rules and the introduction of a new industrial policy. The concept of a new industrial policy is subordinated to the Europe 2020 strategy, although achieving its targets may in some instances contradict the main goal: increasing the competitiveness of the EU’s entrepreneurs. Moreover the European Commission established the goal of reversing the declining role of manufacturing, which in 2012 stood at the level of around 16 per cent of GDP, aiming to increase its level to 20 per cent of GDP by 2020, although this is not the EU industry competitiveness index. Due to the many statements, declarations and letters issued by the Member States about the need for a new industrial policy, it is important to identify the real industrial leaders of the EU and their approach to public interventions within the internal market.
2

PRIEMYSELNÁ POLITIKA EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE A KONKURENCIESCHOPNOSŤ

100%
Nemcová E.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 8
803-815
EN
Facing the globalized and increasingly competitive environment, the manufacturing sector of each economy is forced to its own continual competitiveness growth. Along with the intensifying competitiveness more attention is given to the industrial policy measures assigned to enhance the performance of the domestic firms. The raising attention to the European industrial policy could be connected with the problems linked to de-industrialisation and to the fears of de-localization (the European Union's manufacturing base moving out of Europe) as well. The first part of the presented article analyses the relationship between industrial policy and competitiveness. The following two parts are focusing on EU industrial policy, its development and the latest trends.
3

NATURAL GAS AND ITS STATUS IN THE ENERGY SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

88%
Baláž P., Zábojník S.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 2
145-162
EN
The paper analyses the status and importance of natural gas for the overall development of the world economy with application to the EU. It acknowledges that rapid depletion of all other energy sources represents a significant alternative, the disposable reserves of which might considerably contribute to satisfaction of energy needs in the EU. The authors examine major features determining economic utility of gas: structure and volume of extraction and consumption, specificities of its sales and pricing policy. They emphasize idiosyncrasies in crude oil trading as well as its ever stronger position in energy and heat production while regarding coordination of energy policy and strengthening the negotiating potential vis-a-vis major natural gas suppliers as the most effective way of satisfying the Union's energy needs.
4

Patent i jego znaczenie dla gospodarki

88%
Kabat-Rudnicka D.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2012
|
issue 897
121-134
EN
The aim of the article is to show that patent – the granting of a temporary monopolistic position, which is detrimental to the economic activity, since any legally sanctioned monopoly is an obstacle to economic development – in the long term may in fact have a positive impact on economic development. Growth is possible today only when the economy is strong and can succeed in the presence of global competition, i.e. the economy based on knowledge and innovation. The European Union, in principle, uses two instruments to increase innovation: competition policy and industrial policy. However, these policies often pursue divergent goals, as competition policy aims at an undistorted form of competition, whereas industrial policy distorts competition, through the support granted to selected entities and economic sectors. Another, equally important instrument, which also seeks to promote innovation and thus the competitiveness of the economy is patent, the granting of a temporary monopoly (a legally sanctioned monopolistic position). Despite all of its shortcomings, patent is important, since it fosters innovation and enables the spread of technology. On the other hand, the single European patent, if adopted, will increase legal certainty and facilitate access to goods and technologies by lowering costs.
5

NOVÉ TRENDY V EURÓPSKEJ PRIEMYSELNEJ POLITIKE

75%
Gabrielová H.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 9
888 – 908
EN
Substantial changes appeared within the approaches towards industrial policy over the last decade. The paper monitors changes in the EU in its initial parts. It is notable that an old conflict was mastered between the sector and horizontal approaches. Combination of horizontal measures and their implementation according to particular industries and their attributes results in a sort of matrix type of industrial policy. The industrial policy turns increasingly into the complex and systemic character. Key importance of knowledge and innovation for economic growth calls for actions facing specific problems connected with its creation, distribution and use in economic activities. Therefore, the second part of the paper pays special attention to the model of knowledge-oriented industrial policy. It deals with its theoretical background, the changes in the role of the state and with policy instruments.
6

REÁLNA KONVERGENCIA V STREDOEURÓPSKYCH KRAJINÁCH Z POHĽADU BALASSA-SAMUELSONOVHO MODELU

75%
Okáli I.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 5
423 – 439
EN
Assumptions and relations of the Balassa-Samuelson model permit under-stand the development of real convergence in Central European countries. Quantification of the Balassa-Samuelson effect (BSE) found its intensive formation in the years 1996 – 2008 and the cessation of it in the crisis period 2009 – 2013. It was confirmed the BSE size depends on productivity increasing in the segment of economy producing negotiable goods. The economic crisis weakened market mechanism, which in times of economic prosperity give rise to BSE. Therefore are seeking both industrial policy capable of supporting the creation of BSE and parts of economy suitable for its use. While continuing to promote foreign investment it is advised to encourage innovative activity and employment widening in the domestic business sector, especially in its SMEs.
7

CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMODITY MARKETS – CONSEQUENCES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE REVITALIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

63%
Baláž P., Zábojník S.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 9
938 – 957
EN
The paper analyses selected examples of the impact that the economic crisis has had on the development of commodity markets and global economy. The authors focus mainly on the segment of energy resources, in which crude oil and its condensates play a dominant role. It accentuates the highness of dependence between financial markets development (USD) and oil markets. This paper describes consequences of the energy markets development on strategic development plans of the EU. The revitalization of the global economy can be successful only if the result of coordinated strategic cooperation-oriented or even most affected national economies to international and supranational bodies, and without that they are not taken into account and target the interests of the various parts of the world economy.
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