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THE ENDURANCE OF THE INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS AS A BENCHMARK FOR THE 1997 CONSTITUTION ASSESSMENT

100%
Wolek A.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2007
|
issue 4(81)
275-291
EN
The article focuses on the discrepancies between the rules of the 1997 Polish Constitution and political practice. The main thesis is that the divergence is a result of the enduring effect of informal rules or institutions which emerged in the early period of Polish transition. The informal institutions are defined, following O'Donnell and Lauth, as stable rules that are created, communicated and executed outside formally sanctioned channels. This means that they are viable rules (i.e. they are perceived as a binding standard of behaviour) only due to dispersed, societally (non-state) administered sanctions. In order to clarify how informal institutions may dominate constitutional rules four institutions are examined: the Presidency and its inherent conflict with the Government, a degenerated form of the constructive no-confidence vote that stabilizes but weakens Polish governments, futile attempts to install a professional, non-partisan civil service, and a radical undermining of the non-majoritarian logics of the National Broadcasting Council operation. The conclusion is that a continuous domination of informal institutions may be proved despite a wide consensus among legal scholars arguing a new post-1997 era of stable constitutional rules as opposed to insecure patchwork constitution of the early 1990's. This has important consequences for Polish constitutionalism as its promise of stability and security of legal frame of reference is constantly challenged by the strength of informal institutions.
2

INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF FDI IN POLAND (Instytucjonalne uwarunkowania naplywu bezposrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na przykladzie gospodarki polskiej)

100%
Owczarczuk M.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2011
|
issue 3(51)
196-212
EN
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is, without a doubt, a very important factor (component) of economic development, especially in developing countries such as Poland. The problem discussed in this article is the unfavorable structure of FDI in Poland. That is why the author focuses on new, institutional determinants of FDI inflow. The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the institutional determinants of FDI in Poland. Taking this into consideration, the author considers formal institutional factors (e.g. international agreements, legal consideration, administrative procedures and state policies) and informal institutional factors (e.g. culture, tradition, corruption or business methods) which influence FDI inflow. The theoretical and empirical analysis was based on domestic and foreign literature and statistics.
3

SELHÁNÍ EXPERIMENTÁLNÍ FORMACE BÝVALÉ NDR POHLEDEM SOUDOBÝCH SOCIÁLNĚ-EKONOMICKÝCH PŘÍSTUPŮ K TEORII RŮSTU

88%
Kouba L.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 7
707-724
EN
The centrally planned GDR (German Democratic Republic) economy obtained a complete institutional framework of a capitalist economy of the FRG at the moment of reunification of Germany in 1990. According to the social-economic approaches to the growth theory based on formal conception of institutions, conditions for a dynamic economic development in East Germany were created. However, the author´s case study shows that the economy of East Germany got stuck in a long-term stagnation. The growth theory of the new institutional economics based on the North's path dependency concept offers more plausible explanations of the failure of East Germany transition: important causes of the long-lasting decline in productive activities lie in the incompatibility between West Germany formal institutions and East Germany informal institutions. He believes that this approach is the most general approach to the growth theory.
4

Otsenka vliyaniya institutsionalnoy sredyi na razvitie malogo predprinimatelstva

88%
Ostapenko N. V.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2013
|
vol. 3 (61)
156-163
EN
The weak development of the economy, the lack of effective mechanisms for enhancing economic growth actualized the issues of support and stimulate of small business sector as a hidden locomotive of development of the national economy. In article is analyzed the impact of key informal institutions on development of small businesses, in particular cultural patterns of behavior and the level of corruption of officials. Author defined the role of the culture and mentality of population on development level of the national economy. Author analyzed the development of the small business sector, and identified the main predictors of this process, among which are the level of GDP per capita, the level of the shadow economy, the level of interest rates on borrowings, as well as the quality of institutions in the national economy.
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