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REOPENING GRAVES. POST-FUNERARY ACTIVITIES AT MORAVIAN MIGRATION PERIOD CEMETERIES (5TH AND 6TH CENTURIES AD)

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Loskotová Z.

Študijné zvesti

2023

vol. 70

issue 2

269 – 308

The reopening of Migration Period graves, a topic that has been intensively discussed in recent years (summarised in Klevnäs et al. 2021), has not been comprehensively analysed to date for the territory of Moravia. In the studied period, Moravia formed an integral unit with the adjacent areas north of the Danube in the territory of present-day Slovakia and Austria, and while this is taken into account in the study, it is not included in the catalogue section, having already been evaluated in considerable detail with regard to the given subject (Aspöck 2005; 2011). Based on the available sources, the author aims to take into account all Moravian burial grounds (those with more than five investigated graves) from the 5th and 6th c., while part of the study is devoted to the results of new excavations at the Mušov-Roviny site and the methodology of excavating grave pits with regard to the documentation of intentional interventions. The results of the analysed data indicate an extreme degree of disturbance of the observed burial grounds (98%); with few exceptions, practically all grave pits, especially in large sacred areas, were reopened. At the same time, cases concerning smaller cemeteries were observed at which graves without furnishings were left untouched. The findings raise numerous questions. Could, for example, the ‘robbers’ be members of the communities that buried their dead in the cemeteries? Could it possibly involve some unknown method of post-funerary activities? The timing of this activity, the identity of the ‘diggers’ and their motivations are key issues in addressing the subject of the reopening of Migration Period and early medieval graves across Europe.

ON THE EARLY MEDIEVAL INHUMATION CEMETERIES OF NORTHERN MASOVIA. REFLECTIONS IN PASSING ON AN ARTICLE BY R. PIOTROWSKI (2003)

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Kordala T.

Archeologia Polski

2005

vol. 50

issue 1-2

147-156

To explain chronology and origins of cemeteries of graves in stone settings examination of complementary issues are needed: the provenience of grave furnishings and their usefulness in dating burial groups; the mutual spatial relationship of the two principal variants of Northern Masovia non-church burial grounds, i.e. with and without graves in stone settings; the chronological and settlement context relation of cemeteries with graves in stone settings from two zones of extensive occurrence, in northern Masovia and in Podlaquia. It is also essential to take into account the political events in the middle of the 11th century that have been recorded in the written sources. The grave furnishings of Northern Masovia are of generally Western Slavic character, but some objects present a foreign provenience (military paraphernalia, as well as luxury items, ornaments, clay rattles etc.) from Rus', Scandinavia and Balt cultures. Cemeteries with graves in stone settings started in both northern Masovia and Podlaquia simultaneously about the middle of the 11th century, being indirectly the effect of the new political order on the Vistula and Bug. The political changes were instigated by the allied princes of Poland and Rus', following their defeat of a common enemy in the person of the self-proclaimed ruler of Masovia, Mieclaw. Podlaquia passed then into the hands of the Kiev Rus' state and northern Masovia was returned to the Piast rulers. Varegian Rus' warriors from the east played an active role in these events. They brought the idea of graves in stone settings to the Old Masovia region.

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1 Archeologia Polski

1 Študijné zvesti

1 Kordala T.

1 Loskotová Z.

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1 2005

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REOPENING GRAVES. POST-FUNERARY ACTIVITIES AT MORAVIAN MIGRATION PERIOD CEMETERIES (5TH AND 6TH CENTURIES AD)

ON THE EARLY MEDIEVAL INHUMATION CEMETERIES OF NORTHERN MASOVIA. REFLECTIONS IN PASSING ON AN ARTICLE BY R. PIOTROWSKI (2003)