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EN
The topic of winning and losing completion of innovation processes is considered. According to innovation process stages the expenditure and losses are shown in case of failure. There is given the overview of approaches which were used for decrease the share of unsuccessful innovations. There are two groups of innovations, which are starting from basic research and market needs. The set of preconditions to effective realization of innovations is considered. There are proposed to reveal diverse models of innovation processes depending on combination of its components. According to different models of innovation processes it can be to build up the adequate conditions for effective realization.
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Analiza przedwdrożeniowa a realizacja projektów IT

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Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 1
395-403
EN
The pre-implementation analysis is a fundamental phase in the implementation of IT projects. This article includes a detailed description of the pre-implementation analysis stage and its assumptions. The main goal of the article is to present the results of research. The aim of this paper is also to discuss the possibility of using a TEC tool in this phase of the project. The paper also describes the basic assumptions of the plug IT project.
EN
Since the 80s of the 20th century, being the reasons of business cycles and economic growth, technological changes have become again a subject of great interest to economists. The development of Real Business Cycle Theory and Endogenous Growth Theory have contributed to a lot of research on the causes of the business cycles and on the incorporation of a technological factor into macro-econometrics models. The objective of this paper is to review definitions of an innovation and a technology shock and to analyze relations between these two concepts. The interpretation of innovation and its taxonomy on a microeconomic level is made with a respect to the analysis of a technological shock on a macroeconomic level. The authors argue that every new idea affecting the relation of factors of production in a given enterprise can be called, at best, an innovation or a change in technology but not a shock. Due to technology diffusion, only big innovations in one enterprise could spread on the entire economy and cause a technology shock possible to identify.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the network connections between enterprises, i.e. all connections (formal and informal) between enterprises and other organizations. The connections are to increase their innovativeness and competitiveness. Remaining in an innovation network has a lot of potential advantages regarding an innovation process: access to a bigger database of ideas, sharing risk, sharing innovation costs, access to new markets and technologies, synergy effect. Such networks are very flexible and, if necessary, make it possible to move the whole production between countries quickly, which reduces the risk connected with a political or economic situation in a given country. This article focuses on a few issues: definitions of networks, types of networks, creating networks and network functioning, an example of a successful and unsuccessful cooperation within a network. In the last part of this article the main participants - transnational corporations - were presented briefly.
EN
The article describes communication methods employed in creative problem solving. These methods are classified into four groups: for collecting problems, classifying problems, for changing ways of thinking, and methods for creating ideas and comparing them with other criteria such as the main way of solving a problem, or the method’s role in the problem-solving process.
EN
A brief review of science & technology developments, accomplished recently in the institutes of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, is given. It icovers contributions from NAS institutes having technological profile (such as Paton Institute for Electric Welding, Physics and Technology Institute, Hydro-Mechanics Instituten and others) to health protection, in form of designs, technologies and mass-scale manufacturing; contributions on line of the Academy Programs 'Problems of Resource and Safety in Exploiting Constructions, Buildings and Machineries', 'Strategic Mineral Resources of Ukraine', 'Science and Technology Problems of Integrating Ukraine with the European Energy System'. The above is demonstrated in order to show what could really be achieved by the NAS of Ukraine in spite of severe financial constraints. Also, considerations are given to what must be done in order to enhance innovation in Ukraine. It is stressed that the Ukrainian science, in spite of its rather bad performance by many parameters, could nevertheless preserve strong research capacities in public academies, higher schools and partly in industry, mainly due to the effort by persons of competence (scientists, small and medium entrepreneurs). They, however, require a start-up assistance and the favorable innovation climate, which can be fostered only by the state. .
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
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issue 1
319-326
EN
The paper presents the University of Szczecin’s experiences with micro and small enterprises concerning the implementation of innovative process solutions and pre implementation research. This form of cooperation took place in 2009-2011 and was part - financed by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development. The paper describes the phases of the University of Szczecin’s experience of cooperation with entrepreneurs, from a beauty contest to negotiations on the contract, delivery of the service and the final settlement. Article emphasizes the role of funding research in collaboration with business units.
EN
We summarize main effects which lead to the innovation rate in real economy being different from social optimum. From the viewpoint of theory of economic growth, it is possible that market subjects innovate less but also more than socially optimal. Intensity of competition is one of the most important determinants of innovation rate. We list main policy instruments which can influence rate of innovation.
EN
The purpose of the article is to define the main factors determining the development of the video games industry in the world and Poland as well. We focus on sales results of main products and the clusters practices in case of Poland. The results of our analysis allow us to draw a conclusion that the games industry is a highly competitive business environment where people’s creativity and broad knowledge are of great importance for the success.
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EN
The paper aimed at assessment of the implemented and proposed changes in the legal environment governing operation of the pension funds in Poland. That included the legislative process in which the legislator approved the solutions aiming at improvement of competitiveness, decrease of costs of the existing system and increase of profitability in the pension funds market. The presented changes (innovations) clearly privileged the position of members in open pension funds. They decreased the fund management fee depending on the volume of assets. The bonus account was established from which the best PTE's can obtain additional profits. The contribution fee was decreased and unified. The negative direct influence of the largest pension funds on the weighted average rate of return was decreased. Additionally, new concepts aiming at streamlining the pension system are developed. They include the e.g. expanding the funds investment opportunities (e.g. in real property) and decreasing the limitations concerning foreign investments.
EN
The sociological reflection over innovative climate in Silesian region is the main intention of this study. The authoress propose to settle factors making up the syndrome of Silesian anchor, which is fixed in five shoulders: historical conditions, multicultural region, economic monoculture, current political conditions, the inhabitants' mentality and the quality of life. The analysis takes into account certain well-known and discussed concepts of innovation, learning organization and learning region. The article has a fundamentally theoretical character, but in order to argue the proposed theses reference is made to empirical data resulting from qualitative investigations consisting in interviews with members of regional elites in years 2000, 2001 and 2008 as well as selected results of quantitative research conducted on a random sample of 1297 inhabitants of Silesian province. Conclusions confirm that each of the conditions of 'Silesian anchor' has negative influence on observed slowing down in regional development. It is necessary to integrate the province in innovative climate and accumulating trust on a local level.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the new role of scientific centers in modern economy. In spite of their main function i.e. education, they take part in net connections. In the framework of net connections the scientific centers play very important role. They are the basement of innovation economy, in which the non material assets are crucial ones.
EN
In the article on the material of new Ukrainian lexicon factors of occurrence and the tendencies of fixation in language of innovations of different types are considered: new derivative words, loans, meanings of already known words (neosemantyzms). The special attention is given to the interaction of own and borrowed resources of nomination, in particular, word-formative, to the parity of tendencies of internationalisation and nationalisation of modern Ukrainian language. Dynamic processes in lexical and word-formative standards of the Ukrainian language, semantic-pragmatic and functional-stylistic differentiation of innovations are analysed. The phenomena typical for development of modern Slavonic languages and caused by national specificity of the Ukrainian language and the political situation in new independent Ukraine are shown.
EN
The article presents basic conditions of innovative processes in the era of globalization. Technological advance and globalization cause that the way and scope of company activity becomes the knowledge oriented. Similarly, the production structure of the economy is shifted to knowledge oriented branches. Thus, the most important thing for the dynamics of economic development is the use of those factors which guarantee optimal chances of achieving that dynamics regardless of place. On the one hand, it increases the level of innovativeness and competitiveness; on the other hand, it allows to diminish average costs and to improve efficiency.
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EN
Innovations have become one of the key areas of research. Companies that have achieved spectacular success mainly have implemented different sorts of product innovations. There is no single source of innovation, but an infinite number of possibilities to use different sources to create change. The source of product innovation is everything, what inspires a man to the process of change. In practice, the most frequently used sources of ideas for new product are: business, market and technology transfer centers, research and development. Basing on outcomes of survey carried out in 2009 among food processing com-panies, the most common source of obtaining ideas for creating product innova-tions turned out to customers. Important initiators for this type of activity were also the owners and employees of the company and competitors to the market. Enterprises drew their inspiration to create new products from the changes in behavior, needs and habits of consumers, changes in the sector or the market structure and the unsuitability of the products
EN
(Title in Polish - 'Dzialalnosc B+R i innowacyjnosc determinantami przewagi konkurencyjnej na przykladzie gospodarki szwedzkiej'). Dzialalnosc B+R i innowacyjnosc determinantami przewagi konkurencyjnej na przykladzie gospodarki szwedzkiej'). Knowledge, research and innovation connected with them are regarded as ones of the most important driving strengths of the domestic economy. It could be stated that this phenomenon refers to economic and social spheres and innovations are a kind of a determinant of competitiveness. This theory is supported by an example of Sweden and Swedish economy which is regarded as one of the most innovative and competitive economies in the world. Innovative activity is dependent on the knowledge of people involved in this activity and the quality of the R&D activity. Therefore it needs to be emphasized that Sweden is said to be a leader in the investment in knowledge. Sweden's investments in education as compared to the size of the Swedish economy have long been among the largest in the world. Thus, Sweden has one of the highest levels in the OECD. The economic growth depends on innovations, novelties and improvements which depend on the level of knowledge and skills. That consequently leads to a higher level of both economic development and economic competitiveness. As a result, Swedish economy belongs to the group of innovative leaders. In view of this fact, Sweden can be regarded as one of the richest, the best developed and the most competitive countries and economies in the world.
EN
In the article describes of innovations is investigational, going is distinguished near their determination and classification, and also direct dependence is reasonable between innovations and competitiveness.
EN
The article focuses on the concept of clusters and its importance in creating new forms of innovation. By new forms of innovation we mean new methods of creating innovation and enhancing innovation processes, for example through engaging final users from the early stages of research and development (R&D) according to the user driven innovation (UDI) approach, as well as new types of created innovations, especially non-technological ones. Cluster structures which are one of the best diagnosed methods to stimulate horizontal cooperation in the economy, may be an effective mechanism for creating new forms of innovation. It is supported by the fact that both the concept of clusters and new forms of innovation are connected to the strategy of open innovation, derived from the modern model of innovation processes, based primarily on interactions and cooperation between different types of actors of national innovation systems. Case studies of clusters from Austria, France and Sweden confirm that cluster structures create favourable conditions for new forms of innovation, which require that companies acquire new skills and also enter into interactions with external actors, customers and other enterprises.
EN
This paper explores some conceptual issues of the regional innovations, which are the essential topics in innovation policy assessment. After review of the theoretical approaches to the innovations and regional development, it turns to empirical evidence on regional disparities in wealth and innovativeness in the EU-member countries. It further analyses the approaches to the regional policies aimed at fostering innovation in private sector and considers the potential data sources for a policy evaluation.
EN
The role of information and communication technologies is studied, their contemporary state and influence of ICT on development of transborder cooperation, advantages and disadvanantages of their use are specified. Recommendations are developed in relation to development of ICT in a transborder cooperation.
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