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1

Memory for words related to demands of a problem solved prior to encoding: An Investigation into inhibitory mechanisms of defence against distraction

100%
Kowalczyk M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2006
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vol. 37
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issue 3
154-171
EN
Participants solved a simple divergent problem, then performed an ostensibly unrelated speeded classification task concerning each of a series of nouns, and then free recalled the nouns. Some of the nouns in the classification task corresponded to certain demands of the problem. Recall of these nouns was analysed as a function of response-to-stimulus interval (RSI) in the classification task. Earlier studies by the author indicated that memory for such words tends to be impaired. This has been attributed to inhibitory defence against current-goal-irrelevant processing they cause in the classification task. On the assumption that the processing and the inhibitory counteraction needs time to develop between the consecutive words, impaired recall was expected at some longer and not at some shorter RSIs. Indeed, recall of problem-related words was worse in the 1550-ms RSI condition than in the 1150-ms RSI condition. Unexpectedly, however, in the 350- and 750-ms RSI conditions recall was also impaired relative to the 1150-ms RSI condition. The latter did not differ from the 1150-ms RSI control condition, in which the problem was not solved. A revised model is proposed to account for the data, which assumes that strategically controlled inhibition may block task-irrelevant processing at an earlier or at a later phase, decreasing the accessibility of the memory contents involved.
2

Просодическая интерференция в устноречевом общении на китайском языке

100%
Галыня И.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
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2014
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issue 14
25-38
EN
The article is aimed at analyzing language interference on the phonological level. The author highlights the reasons, accounting for the breach of the prosodic norms of Chinese speech, refers to interlinguistic, intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors of language interference. The article under consideration includes analysis of Chinese and Russian prosodic systems, thus, revealing the principal functional differences between the systems and prosodic phenomena undergoing interference in the Chinese speech of Russian speaking students.
3

NEITHER A RESPONSE NOR STIMULUS SET-SIZE EFFECT FOUND IN THE MANUAL STROOP TASK

100%
Chuderski A., Smoleń T., Taraday M.
Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 56
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issue 1
21 – 35
EN
Existing computational models of the Stroop task differ in predictions concerning the set-size effect, which is the relation between a number of stimuli/responses and the magnitude of the Stroop interference. However, relevant empirical data is not unequivocal, as some studies reported no set-size effects, while others found substantial set-size effects. We administered two experiments in order to resolve this discrepancy in the case of the manual Stroop task. Experiment 1 compared conditions including four, six, and eight stimulus/response mappings in the picture-word task. No reliable set-size effects were found, apart from a weak effect observed when a working memory load imposed by the task was deliberately decreased. Experiment 2 tested conditions consisting of four versus eight mappings in the colour-word task, and it replicated results of Experiment 1. As both experiments had sufficient power to detect set-size effects if they existed, our data are inconsistent with models predicting such effects.
4

Wpływ bezpośrednich i zaprzeczonych dyrektyw na ukierunkowanie uwagi

100%
Maciuszek J.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2007
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vol. 2
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issue 2(4)
144-163
EN
The paper presents research into the effects of the use of negations in directives (commands, suggestions and requests). Described are three experiments that tested effects of variously formulated instructions: direct (pay attention to) and negated (don’t pay attention to) commands on directing of attention. Two indicators of attention direction were used: time needed to name the colors of stimulus words, and the level of recollection of these words after completion of the color naming task. In consecutive experiments, the numbers of key words, colors and experimental groups were changed. The strong conclusion drawn from the research is that a direct command influences all indicators of attention directing. However, a negated command increases the level of key word recollection, too. Both the automatic process that generates paradoxical effects of negated commands and the controlled process of reasoning may be responsible for the results of the memory task.
5
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K teorii mezijazykové interference v lexikálním plánu češtiny a polštiny

88%
Muryc J.
Bohemistyka
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2015
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vol. 15
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issue 4
347 - 354
EN
The article deals with the theory of language in terference in the lexis of Czech and Polish languages. The author defines the term, specifies several types of interference, and describes some aspects of Czech and Polish lexical typology. Based on particular occurrences the author offers classification into three basic types of lexical interference, so called lexical transfers.
6

THE 7 COURSES MEMORY TEST

88%
Verseghi A., Albu M.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 2
211-236
EN
The '7 Courses Memory Test' has been designed to examine visual-spatial memory components and their interactions in people with acquired brain injury. The test includes recognition parts (Series 1-6) and an incidental spatial recall part (S.7). The first six 'courses' provide a scoring method for the temporal organization of memory items, effect of stimuli frequency, memory inhibition and proactive interference. The test, resembling everyday situations, works with meaningful visual stimuli. The validation process of the test involved the comparison of 86 normal controls and 135 brain injured patients. As a result of both qualitative and quantitative analysis, the two groups are well differentiated by each 'course' of the task. Furthermore, groups with different lateralization and localization can be separated based on the correct answers. (hits), false alarms in S. 1-6 and in spatial S. 7, which is particularly sensible to the damages of the right hemisphere. Patients with right posterior lesion show the worst scores on all seven 'courses' of the task. Specific error types (perseverations, delayed activation, disparity of multiple significance, overestimation of neutral stimuli, lost structure in the spatial task) proved to be characteristic of brain injured patients.
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