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Describing Motion Events in Sign Languages

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EN
Research has shown that sign languages represent space by using the body and the signing space in front of the signers. To date, it is largely unknown to what extent sign languages differ from one another in their linguistic use of space. The present study addressed this question by conducting an experimental study on basic motion event descriptions in historically unrelated sign languages: American, Croatian, Austrian, and Turkish Sign Languages. It was found that these sign languages are similar to one another in the use of classifiers to encode location, orientation, and movement of objects, and that they are similar in using path-only and path+manner descriptions, while leaving out manner-only descriptions. However, these sign languages differ from one another in their lexical signs, in choosing a particular set of classifiers, in responding to the manipulations of objects in space, and in the ratio of path-only constructions with respect to path+manner constructions for the same events. Overall, this study contributes to our knowledge of how motion events are encoded in natural human language. Future research will compare the current findings with those from spoken languages to further explore the properties of the language of motion events.
PL
Naszą pracę poświęcamy pogłębieniu ikonicznego wymiaru Kościoła w Eucharystii, który jeszcze dzisiaj pozostaje zapomniany, a w konsekwencji – utracony. Z powodu kontrowersji ikonoklastycznej ojcowie zgromadzeni na II Soborze w Nicei (787) skoncentrowali swoją uwagę na koncepcji ikony, świętego obrazu i uznali jego doktrynalną zgodność. Dla nas właśnie takie rozwiązanie powyższej kwestii stanie się punktem wyjścia dla prezentacji Ioannisa Zizioulasa. Nasz teolog, biorąc pod uwagę argumentację soborową, przedstawi rozumienie idei ikony w kluczu eucharystycznym. W konsekwencji wraz z nim będziemy mówić o liturgicznej manifestacji prawdy (eschaton). Żyć ikonicznie podczas Eucharystii oznacza żyć symbolicznie oraz ukazywać w ten sposób żywą obecność osoby, która jest prawdziwa i ontologiczna. Zizioulas życzy nam, byśmy rozpoznali wymiar pneumatologiczny i eschatologiczny Kościoła, skarb, który jeszcze dla wielu pozostaje utracony, jednakże jest podstawowym elementem ku temu, aby na nowo, jak wskazuje teologia prawosławna, „znaleźć się na złotym placu Jeruzalem niebieskiego, ubranym w złote światło”.
EN
We dedicate our work to deepen the Iconic aspect of the Church in the Eucharist which even today is forgotten and for this, always missing. Because of the Iconoclastic controversy, the fathers of the Nicene Council II (787) have put in relief the concept of the Icon as sacred image and have recognized its doctrinal legitimacy. For us, such resolution of problem will become the starting point for the presentation of the Ioannis Zizioulas. Our theologian, keeping in mind the conciliar argumentations, will present the concept of the Icon through the Eucharistic. As a consequence, we, together with him, will speak of the liturgical manifestation of the Truth (eschaton). To live iconomically during the Eucharist means to live symbolically and to present in such a way the live presence of the person who is true and ontological. Zizioulas wishes that we recognize the pneumetological and eschatological dimensions of the Church, the treasure, still missing for many and, all the way, the fundamental element that can, as the orthodox theology indicates us, again, „to find oneself in the square of the heavenly Jerusalem, dressed in golden light”.
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