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EN
When taking actions to promote the competitiveness of a given country or group, the benefi ts of higher growth and dynamic development should be reaped by all members of a given community or group and, thus, this growth should be inclusive. The aim of the paper is to present the role of the innovation policy in fostering inclusive growth in China and in the EU. It is arguable that this policy should, in particular, support the growth of inclusive innovation irrespective of the level or value of the economic growth of a given country. However, given the diverse conditions of each country and, thus, different issues to be tackled, inclusive innovation must consider how unique such countries are. Supporting and developing inclusive innovation is not only the exclusive policy of developing countries such as China. In the EU, fostering this kind of innovation is highly encouraged, which contributes to achieving sustainable growth and ensuring benefits from inclusive innovations to EU inhabitants given that this is the major priority of this union and the foundation on which further continued growth of the EU is built.
EN
A large theoretical and empirical literature has focused on the impact of financial deepening on economic growth throughout the world. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating whether this impact differs across regions, income levels, and types of economy. Using a rich data set for 150 countries for the period 1975–2005, dynamic panel estimation results suggest that the bene ficial effect of financial deepening on economic growth in fact displays measurable heterogeneity; it is generally smaller in oil exporting countries; in certain regions, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA); and in lower-income countries. Further analysis suggests that these differences might be driven by the degree of competition, and related to differences in the ability to provide widespread access to financial services.
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