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EN
Opole Region occupied a most significant place in the studies conducted by Kazimierz Orzechowski, who took part in the action of securing archival acts of Opole Regency after the War. The Polish school system in Silesia was the subject of his doctoral dissertation. He paid a lot of attention to the legal situation of peasants in Opole Region in the 19th century. He was also one of the co-founders of Studia Śląskie. Seria nowa (The Silesian Studies. A New Series) and the Silesian Institute in Opole. For many years he cooperated with The Silesian Studies and Opole Quarterly. Apart from the research into the history of Opole Region, K. Orzechowski also made a great contribution to the development of Opole historical centre. He was the founder and the first Head of the Chair of History at Teacher’s Training College in Opole. He worked for almost twenty years there. He was a supervisor and reviewer of doctoral dissertations and works submitted to obtain professor’s degree by research workers at the College, as well as a member of the board in charge of conferring the professor’s degree.
EN
Historical Institute (IH) of University of Lodz was established on 24 June 1948. The first years of its activity took place during the Stalinism period. The stuff and students were subjected to propaganda and were engaged in different political actions. Researches and didactics were imposed into methodology of Marxism-Leninism. The students of IH articulated their objection towards such practices in 1956 and therefore in next years, took place many positive changes. One of them was the possibility of making trips to archives and libraries in western countries. Unfortunately, in 1968 the Institute experienced many political upheavals. The consequences of anti-Semitic campaign, which were then set off, was dismissal from work and emigrating from Poland of four employees of IH. During next years, functioning of the Institute and life of the students were subjected to strong political pressure again. Its expression were e.g. working- -class practices of first year students. The situation in the Institute changed only when in 1980 Independent Self-governing Trade Union “Solidarity” was created. The students and employees started to fight for their issues. The former ones took part in nearly month-long sit-down strike (January–February 1981). After the introduction of martial law two students were interned, besides the stuff and students were forbidden to conduct any independent activities. Some of them however got engaged in underground activity. The legal activity started again only in May 1988. In this time the students government on the IH was created. The students and employees joined into the transitions which took place in 1989. One of adjuncts became even the Member of Parliament (so-called contractual Parliament).
PL
Instytut Historyczny (IH) Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego został utworzony 24 czerwca 1948 r. Pierwsze lata jego działalności przypadły na okres stalinizmu. Kadra i studenci zostali wtedy poddani propagandzie i byli angażowani w różne akcje polityczne, a badaniom i dydaktyce narzucono metodologię marksistowsko-leninowską. Swój sprzeciw wobec tych praktyk studenci IH wyrazili w 1956 r. i dlatego w kolejnych latach nastąpiło wiele korzystnych zmian. Jedną z nich była możliwość wyjazdów pracowników do archiwów i bibliotek w krajach zachodnich. Niestety w 1968 r. Instytut doświadczył wielu politycznych wstrząsów. Następstwem uruchomionej wtedy kampanii antysemickiej było zwolnienie z pracy i wyjazd z Polski czterech pracowników IH. W kolejnych latach funkcjonowanie Instytutu i życie studentów ponownie poddano silnej presji politycznej. Jej wyrazem były np. obowiązkowe praktyki robotnicze dla studentów I roku. Dopiero gdy w 1980 r. powstał Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność” w Instytucie sytuacja się zmieniła. Studenci i pracownicy zaczęli walczyć o swoje interesy. Ci pierwsi uczestniczyli nawet w trwającym blisko miesiąc strajku okupacyjnym (styczeń–luty 1981 r.). Po wprowadzeniu stanu wojennego dwóch studentów zostało internowanych, poza tym pracownikom i studentom zabroniono prowadzenia wszelkiej niezależnej działalności. Niektórzy z nich podjęli jednak aktywność w podziemiu. Jawna działalność niezależna została na nowo podjęta dopiero w maju 1988 r. Powstał wtedy w IH samorząd studencki. Studenci i pracownicy włączyli się też w przemiany, które nastąpiły w 1989 r. Jeden z adiunktów został nawet posłem na Sejm (tzw. Sejm kontraktowy).
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EN
The author presents the academic achievements of Professor Józef Dobosz, a medieval historian from Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, formerly a student of Professor Brygida Kürbis. He also presents the successive stages of his academic career, the main directions of his research, his most important publications and organisational activity. Professor Dobosz’s contribution to the development of relations between Polish and Czech historical milieus is also highlighted.
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