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EN
Adam Mickiewicz is considered to be the most outstanding Polish Romantic poet, as well as one of the most excellent poets of Europe. Interestingly, Mickiewicz used in his works expert Latin legal terminology relating to the issues of social structure, political organization of the Roman state and Roman law. His knowledge on this subject came mainly from the works of ancient writers with which he became familiar while studying at the Vilnius University. Mickiewicz also read publications that dealt extensively with the history of ancient Rome by authors such as Edward Gibbon, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Jules Michelet, and Joachim Lelewel.
PL
Adam Mickiewicz postrzegany jest jako najwybitniejszy polski poeta romantyzmu, jak również jeden z najznakomitszych w skali europejskiej. Interesujące, że w swoich dziełach Mickiewicz używał fachowej łacińskiej terminologii prawniczej odnoszącej się do kwestii struktury społecznej, organizacji politycznej państwa rzymskiego i jego prawa. Wiedzę na ten temat poeta czerpał przede wszystkim z dzieł pisarzy antycznych, z którymi zapoznał się podczas studiów na Uniwersytecie Wileńskim. Mickiewicz czytał także opracowania szeroko omawiające historię starożytnego Rzymu takich autorów, jak Edward Gibbon, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Jules Michelet czy Joachim Lelewel.
EN
In 1850 an Austrian Prosecutor Aleksander Cukrowicz for the first time translated Iustiniani Institutiones into Polish. His version caused Franciszek Maciejowski to write a long review in which he started a discussion about the form and quality of the future Polish legal terminology. A scholar from Warsaw Teodor Dydyński profited a lot from them both, when he was preparing the first Polish translation of the Gai Institutiones.
EN
Jan Kanty Rzesiński was a nineteenth-century Polish scholar from Kraków. He never became a famous Romanist. Nevertheless, his contribution to the development of Polish studies on Gaius and his Commentaries is important. Rzesiński was the very first Polish scholar who presented the discovery of Gaius’ Commentaries to Polish society. In the academic year 1831–1832 Rzesiński lectured on Gaius at the Jagiellonian University. The lectures soon ceased, nevertheless, it was the first academic attempt to talk about Niebuhr’s discovery. In 1838 Rzesiński published a Polish translation of Gans’s Scholien zum Gajus. The translation attracted much interest among Polish legal scholars and was broadly commented on. In the latter part of the century, it became a standard point of reference for the next generation of Romanist, including Teodor Dydyński.
EN
Systematization of the juridical material done by Gaius has generated the interest of lawyers actually since the fall of the Western Empire. The division of the legal material itself into: personae, res and actiones was probably taken from the writings of Greek and Roman grammarians. Gaius, however, improved it to meet the needs of didactics. There is no doubt about Gaius’ intellectual contribution. The criteria of systematization of legal material have been applied in a number of collections or later codes. We should mention here: the Napoleonic Code or the Austrian Code. The last code, in which the systematics of the law done by Gaius has been applied, was the Code of Canon Law of 1917.
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