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1

The Concept of Intuition and its Role in Plato and Aristotle

100%
Piętka D.
Organon
|
2015
|
vol. 47
23-40
EN
The subject of the article is intuition and its role in philosophical cognition in Plato and Aristotle. The main problem concerns the rationality of intuitive knowledge. Plato is the heir of the Parmenidean doctrinal tradition of being and cognition. According to him, intuition is the immediate perceiving of ideas. This may be supernatural intuition or rational intuition. The first is perceiving ideas seen before birth, the second is recollection of knowledge or cognition of ideas in the mind. The aim of intuitive knowledge is the definition of the essence. Plotinus is the successor to Plato’s theory of supernatural intuition. Aristotle used intuition to formulate the first principles of science or to define the goals of activity. Each type is characterised by common features, such as directness, comprehensiveness of cognition and obviousness. There are differences between the types of intuition. First of all, they concern whether the object is natural or supernatural, its intersubjectivity, and the sources of intuitive cognition. In the case of intersubjectivity, Aristotle introduced a confirmation procedure concerning some of principles known intuitively. The idea of confirmation is forced by accusations against, for example, the principle of non–contradiction, which made Aristotle present a certain extra–intuitive way for it to be substantiated.
2
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Existential Analysis in Roman Ingarden's Ontology

100%
Rosiak M.
Forum Philosophicum
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2007
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vol. 12
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issue 1
119-130
EN
Ingarden conceives ontology as a philosophia prima, which deals with being as purely possible (it complies with the essentialistic tradition of Duns Scotus and Wolff). It is an intuitive (anschaulich) and a priori analysis of the content of the relevant ideas (rein apriorische Analyse der Ideengehalte). It consists of three parts: existential, formal and material ontology. Existential ontology deals with the possible modes of existence (Seinsweise). Problems of factual existence pertain to metaphysics, which is a separate branch of theoretical philosophy, based on ontology.
3
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A Political Economy of Spinoza’s Ethics: Possession and love

72%
Jitka R.
Littera Scripta
|
2009
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vol. 2
107-114
EN
This transformation of one’s possessive desire is the common project of the Ethics and of Spinoza’s political writings. Both ethics and politics, from a Spinozian perspective, train one’s comportment toward possession. In the Ethics, one learns to have and to hold otherwise. The tendency to imagine the beloved as situated within an economy of scarce resources taints love with sadness and subjects the soul, or mind, to violent vacillation (fluctuatio animi) and discomfort, which undermines the freedom and fortitude of the individual. This admittedly abstract account conveys the need to comport oneself toward ”ordinary love, ”or the love of finite individuals, so as to open oneself and one’s beloveds onto increasingly joyful engagements with other natural beings. Envious and avaricious love is conservative and exclusive in a way that harms both the lover and the beloved. This maddening and sickening love aims to possess things as we imagine them in our initial joyful encounters and thereby ironically thwarts the very amplification of power that first provokes our love. The drive to possess things through fixing them and captivating them undermines our own power, and the urge to possess the other must eventually fail. A love that aims, alternatively, at self-possession through joyful and enabling encounters with other beings opens the lover to affect and be affected by ever more beings.
4
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Invence, intuice a tvořivost v umění, ve vědě a v edukologii

72%
Spousta V.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 3
23-37
EN
The article is focused on invention, intuition and creativity as a triad of phenomena which have an important role in arts as well as in scientific and pedagogical thinking. Capacity for divergent thought creates a space for invention; it forms the essence of inventional creativity which under proper conditions and with exceptional abilities of the creator can be manifested as emergent inventiveness. The article uncovers the topic of the phenomena of creativity by means of comparison; the attributes of art creativity with attributes of scientific and pedagogic creativity. Their typical attributes are identified in the space of four main spheres: in the personality of the creator, in the inspiration for the creation, in the process of creation and in the final product of it. In these three areas (art, science and pedagogy), identical features were identified which can be considered as typical attributes of creativity.
5
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Intuicja menedżera jako specyficzny aspekt zarządzania wiedzą

72%
Molenda R.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2018
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vol. 377
66-75
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono definicję intuicji jako zjawiska psychologicznego. Wskazano w nim przyczyny, które powodują bagatelizowanie roli intuicji. Następnie przedstawiono zarys japońskiego podejścia do zarządzania wiedzą oraz pojęcia wiedzy jawnej i ukrytej, przy czym zaprezentowano wiedzę ukrytą jako wiedzę intuicyjną, trudną do logicznego wyjaśnienia. Omówiono również cztery etapy koncepcji rozwoju intelektualnego Jeana Piageta, a następnie uzupełniono je etapem postformalnym, nieograniczonym do logicznego myślenia. Ukazano relację pomiędzy mądrością jako najwyższym poziomem piramidy wiedzy a intuicją. Zaprezentowano intuicję jako pożądane zjawisko w podejmowaniu decyzji w zarządzaniu, wskazując zalety intuicyjnych decyzji w przypadku niewystarczającej ilości informacji. Porównano decyzje intuicyjne i decyzje oparte na racjonalnej analizie z uwzględnieniem komplementarności obu podejść. Wskazano ograniczenia i niebezpieczeństwa polegania wyłącznie na intuicji w trakcie podejmowania decyzji w zarządzaniu. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na rolę intuicji w zarządzaniu, traktowanej jako specyficzny sposób myślenia mający swoje zalety i wady.
EN
In this article a definition of intuition as a psychological phenomenon is presented. It indicates reasons for the role of intuition being underestimated. Further, it provides an outline of the Japanese approach to knowledge management as well as the concepts of explicit and hidden knowledge, where the hidden knowledge is presented as intuitive knowledge difficult to explain in a logical manner. It also presents the four stages of Jean Piaget’s concept of intellectual development, which are then supplemented with a post-formal stage not limited to logical thinking. It shows a relationship between intuition and wisdom as the highest level of the knowledge pyramid. Intuition is presented as a phenomenon that is desirable in a managerial decision-making process, with an indication of advantages of intuitive decisions in the case of insufficient information. Intuitive decisions and decisions based on a rational analysis are compared taking into account the complementarity of both approaches. The dangers and limitations of relying solely on intuition when making managerial decisions are also shown. The objective of the article is to draw attention to the role of intuition, treated as a specific way of thinking that has its advantages and disadvantages, in management.
6

Josepha Maréchala interpretacja „jasnego widzenia Boga” w doktrynie mistycznej Tomasza z Akwinu

51%
Bańka A. R.
Folia Philosophica
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2011
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vol. 29
225-237
EN
Joseph Maréchal, Belgian mysticism scholar, broadly recognized for his contribution to transcendental Thomism and acclaimed as the greatest systematician of the mystic concept of clear vision of God, raised the question on the possibility of seeing the essence of God during earthly life. According to Maréchal, Aquinas, on the ground provided by Augustine, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and other Christian authors, takes this kind of vision as a special kind of intellectual intuition strengthened by the influence of God’s light and made possible (even if, unlike the case of visio beatifica, incomplete) admiration gone in man’s soul. What is then the nature of this clear vision? What makes it different from other kinds of mystic experience? To answer these question is the aim of the paper.
DE
Der für den Schöpfer des transzendentalen Thomismus gehaltene, belgische Mystikforscher, Joseph Maréchal argumentiert, dass der von Vielen für den größten Systematiker der mystischen Lehre von heller Betrachtung Gottes gehaltene Thomas von Aquin in seinen Werken die Frage stellt, ob es möglich sei, das Gotteswesen im irdischen Leben zu betrachten. Sich auf die Texte vom hl. Augustin, Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita und andere christliche Schriftsteller beziehend stellt Thomas von Aquin diese Betrachtung als eine besondere Art der intellektuellen Intuition dar, welche durch die Wirkung des göttlichen Lichtes verstärkt wird und dank der in der Seele herrschenden Ekstase — obwohl nicht in vollem Maße, so wie es bei visio beatifica der Fall ist — möglich ist. Was für eine Natur hat diese helle Betrachtung? Wodurch unterscheidet sie sich von anderen Arten der mystischen Erfahrung? Diese Fragen zu beantworten ist das Hauptziel des vorliegenden Artikels.
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