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Verbum Vitae
|
2022
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vol. 40
|
issue 2
375-385
EN
Modern critical reception characterizes patriarch Isaac as a particular character type: the schlemiel. This article provides a tour through the cumulative evidence for this comedic read, focusing on Genesis 27, the blessing of Jacob. It provides a revised narratological and literary context, arguing that Isaac’s fivefold questioning demonstrates not confusion, but awareness: he knows exactly which son is in front of him. The paper presents an alternative narratological and literary context for Isaac, framing his questions in terms of the editing process: a synchronic reading of Isaac’s acumen is corroborated by evidence from diachronic reading. The redaction history of the Isaac material in chapter 26 yields a number of points suggesting the dependence of the Abraham material on the Isaac narrative. A number of features indicate a stronger, less subordinate Isaac figure based on the earlier tradition revealed by a complex transmission history than the image arising from the mainstream synchronic reading of chapter 27 seems to depict.
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EN
Analysis of tradition devoted to Isaac leads to the conclusion that the character of the patriarch described a pattern known from the cycle of Abraham. Sometimes it almost a mirror image in an abbreviated form (as Gen. 26). Isaac is presented as a second Abraham, and his character is transferred from the patriarchal promises from Abraham to Jacob (Gen. 27). The prophet Amos (Amos 7,9.16), although his expressions are not yet satisfactorily explained, gives the impression that in the eighth century BC, there was a sense of connectedness between the character of Isaac localized in Beer Sheba and memory ethno-religious people of the Kingdom of Israel. Indeed the Prophet used the term “house of Isaac” parallel to the term “house of Jacob” and mentions the annual pilgrimage to the shrine of Northerners in Beer Sheba.
The Biblical Annals
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2019
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vol. 9
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issue 1
35-72
PL
The article is devoted to the analysis of the Greek text of Sir 44:22-23, but it also takes into account the Hebrew version of the praise of Isaac and Jacob. The main aim of the article is to read Sirach’s depiction of these two patriarchs in his Praise of the Fathers (Sir 44:1 – 50:24) and the role and significance that he attributes to them in Israel’s history. The analysis conducted shows that the Jerusalem sage based his presentation of Isaac and Jacob exclusively on the Book of Genesis, not referring to any theological traditions connected with the patriarchs that were known during the Second Temple period. The principal role played by the two patriarchs in the history of the chosen nation is passing on to the subsequent generation the covenant that God made with Abraham and the promises related to it (Isaac’s substantial passivity in this role has to be pointed out). It is this motif that is emphasized in Sir 44:22-23, as a result of which other important events from the patriarchs’ lives are completely overlooked, including the justification of Jacob’s stealing of Isaac’s blessing for his firstborn son.
EN
The Book of Genesis tells a story about three fathers: Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. To be a father for Abraham is first to expect a child for a long time, then to follow the words of promise God speaks to him, especially the promise of a son. When Ishmael and Isaac have been born to him, his father affections are put to the tests. Ishmael has to be sent away along with his mother Hagar. Then, God commands him to sacrifice his now only son, Isaac. When Isaac himself was old and could not see, he was blinded by his desire for the venison stew, Esau used to prepare for him, but eventually he was corrected by his wife Rebekah who gained his blessing for Jacob, the son she loved. Finally, Jacob is the most experienced father. His love for Joseph and then after his alleged death, for his youngest son Benjamin, proved to be strong enough and stood the test of time.
PL
Księga Rodzaju prezentuje historię trzech ojców: Abrahama, Izaaka i Jakuba. Dla Abrahama bycie ojcem oznacza najpierw oczekiwanie prez długi czas syna, a następnie podążanie za obietnicą, którą Bóg mu złożył, szczególnie obietnicą syna. Kiedy narodzili się Ismael i Izaak, uczucia ojcowskie Abrahama zostały poddane próbie. Izmael miał zostać odesłany wraz z Hagar. Po tym Bóg każe mu złożyć w ofeirze jedynego syna, Izaaka. Kiedy Izaak stał się stary i nie mógł widzieć, został zaślepiony przez swoje pragnienie dziczyzny. Przygotował je Ezaw, który został jednak ubiegnięty przez Rebekę, która zyskała błogosławieństwo dla swego umiłowanego syna, Jakuba. Jakub był ojcem najbardziej doświadczonym przez życie. Jego miłość do Józefa i po jego rzekomej śmierci do najmłodszego syna, Beniamina, ostała się próbie.
Nurt SVD
|
2016
|
issue 1
299-317
FR
Le dialogue interreligieux est aujourd’hui un véritable défi, particulièrement entre chrétiens et musulmans. Les événements récents semblent donner raison à ceux qui estiment que les religions sont plus sources de violence que d’unité et de paix. Pourtant, chrétiens et musulmans ne cessent de rappeler qu’ils sont tous fils d’Abraham, avec leurs frères les juifs. Sans être une solution miracle, revisiter ensemble notre héritage commun peut nous contraindre ne fût-ce qu’à nous interroger sur les raisons d’intolérances de plus en plus meurtrières. Puissent les figures d’Abraham et de ses deux fils, Ismaël et Isaac, aux destinées différentes mais complémentaires, aider juifs, chrétiens et musulmans à devenir des artisans de réconciliation. Témoins de vérité, de justice et de paix, ils nous feront oublier ces images horribles de massacres qui obscurcissent aujourd’hui nos univers. Alors, ils pourront former ces communautés abrahamiques qui tractent le monde vers la paix.
EN
Interreligious dialogue is fast becoming quite a bit of a challenge, especially for Christians and Muslims. Recent events seem to be confirming the view that religions give rise to violence rather than peace. Nonetheless, Christians and Muslims insist that they - along with their Jewish brothers - are sons of Abraham. Perhaps, yet another analysis of our common heritage will not bring about any miraculous solutions to the existing problems; but it may dispose us to examine the reasons behind ever more bloody intolerance. Perhaps, Abraham and his two sons, Isaac and Ishmael, with their differing though complementary fates, may teach Jews, Christians and Muslims how to be messengers of peace. Those witnesses to the truth, justice and peace will help us to erase from our memories the images of massacres, which so obscure our vision of the world today; they will help the Abrahamic communities to direct the world onto the path of peace.
PL
Dialog międzyreligijny staje się dzisiaj prawdziwym wyzwaniem, zwłaszcza dla chrześcijan i muzułmanów. Ostatnie wydarzenia wydają się potwierdzać tezę tych analityków, którzy uważają, że religie są raczej źródłem przemocy niż pokoju. Tymczasem chrześcijanie i muzułmanie konsekwentnie deklarują, że są - razem z ich braćmi żydami - synami Abrahama. Ponowna analiza naszego wspólnego dziedzictwa być może nie przyniesie cudownego rozwiązania zaistniałych problemów, ale z pewnością skłoni nas do rozpatrzenia przyczyn coraz bardziej krwawej nietolerancji. Być może figury Abrahama i jego dwóch synów, Izmaela i Izaaka (różne, ale dopełniające się przeznaczenia) wskażą żydom, chrześcijanom i muzułmanom, jak stać się zwiastunem pokoju. Owi świadkowie prawdy, sprawiedliwości i pokoju dopomogą nam wymazać z pamięci obraz strasznej masakry, który przyciemnia dzisiaj naszą wizję świata; dopomogą wspólnotom pochodzenia abrahamowego skierować świat na drogę pokoju.
Vox Patrum
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2003
|
vol. 44
381-396
EN
The aim the article „The Scenes of Martyrdom and Salvation in Late Antique Synagogue Art" is presentation of all iconographical examples of these scenes appearing in Jewish art of late Antiquity. There are two types of them: one is showing the sacrifice of Abraham and another the prophet Daniel in lions' den. These imaginations belong to a broader range of so called „salvations scenes", which decorated mosaics, relieves and paintings of many synagogues, as well as churches and Christian catacombs.
The Biblical Annals
|
2023
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
335-365
EN
The author of this paper seeks the original historical context as well as the oldest form, structure and concept of the biblical records of the covenants of Abraham and Isaac with the local ruler(s) as recorded in Gen 21:22–24, 25–33; 26:26–31. The patriarchs, who enjoy the status of foreign/sojourner/ resident in the land of the Philistine king, Abimelek, and their peaceful agreements are depicted in three biblical sources, which are very similar to each other in terms of structure and literary context. Those are compared with selected Hittite, Babylonian and Assyrian records of the royal covenants from the 2 millennium BC. The methodology adopted in the research allowed several important formal and substantive points of contact to be noted in the compared sources. Through this comparison, the paper confirms that Gen 21:22–24, 25 33; 26:26–31 reflects two ancient patterns of bilateral covenants between the monarch and an equal or subordinate social partner: royal grants and suzerain-vassal treaties. The paper also discusses the socio-cultural and legal spectrum of the Near Eastern royal procedures and how they were re-edited and adapted by the editors responsible for the current version of the biblical cycles about the patriarchs.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię teologicznego znaczenia (dla judaizmu i chrześcijaństwa) relacji Boga z wybranymi postaciami starotestamentalnymi Abrahamem i Izaakiem. Punktem wyjścia do analizy były teksty zawarte w Księdze Rodzaju (Rdz 15; 17; 22). Na początku ukazano miejsce Księgi Rodzaju w Torze i znaczenie tego zbioru pism w judaizmie oraz w chrześcijaństwie. Księga Rodzaju jest pierwszym pismem Tory (Pięcioksięgu), a jej redakcja była bardzo długim procesem, która brała początek już w epoce patriarchalnej (tradycje ustne), a skończyła się w czasach perskich. Pismo to ma wielkie znaczenie zarówno w tradycji judaistycznej, jak i chrześcijańskiej (Księga Rodzaju otwiera kanon Biblii w obu religiach).Najważniejszym wydarzeniem w życiu Abrahama było zawarcie przymierza z Bogiem (Rdz 15; 17). Patriarcha został nazwany „ojcem wiary”. Judaizm akcentuje aspekt partykularny relacji Bóg – Abraham i traktuje patriarchę przede wszystkim jako protoplastę Izraela, narodu, który stał się dziedzicem obietnic danych Abrahamowi. Chrześcijaństwo podkreśla w tej relacji aspekt uniwersalny, patriarcha uważany jest bowiem za ojca wszystkich wierzących, także uczniów Jezusa Chrystusa.Dzieje Izaaka są kontynuacją historii Abrahama i jego relacji z Bogiem. Najważniejszym wydarzeniem w życiu Izaaka był epizod opisany w Rdz 22 (ofiara w Moria). Abraham został wypróbowany w wierze, bowiem Bóg polecił mu ofiarować syna obietnicy (Izaaka). Uratowany przez Pana Izaak, stał się spadkobiercą obietnic Bożych. W judaizmie jest traktowany przede wszystkim jako znak wierności Boga oraz wypełnienia obietnicy potomka, natomiast w chrześcijaństwie podkreśla się znaczenie typiczne ofiary Izaaka, która zapowiadała ofiarę Jezusa Chrystusa.
EN
The God of Patriarchs is one of the most important problem of the Old Testament. Here I argue that the problem is actually so severe as has been before (in recent scholarship). First I presented the Book of Genesis (an integral part of the Torah), then the God’s covenant with Abraham and Isaac. The story of Abraham and Isaac shows some aspects of the nature of God (his transcendent and immanent) and his activities in the time of the patriarchal period. The God of patriarchs is the God of Moses, the God of the prophets (OT) and the God of the apostles (NT). The soteriological interpretations of the Isaac’s tale found in rabbinic and Christian sources affirmed the important significant of the story (Gn 22) for the both religions. Abraham hoped that God might be capable of restoring life to his son. Isaac appears as the figure of the risen one (New Testament).
EN
The article offers a complete overview of the Greek and Latin patristic exegesis of Mt 8,11 and Lk 13,28-29 with special focus on the exegetical commentaries of St. Augustine. Church Fathers underlined the ecclesiological dimension of Christ’s eschatological promise. According to St. Augustine and other theologians, those who come “from east and west” are above all pagans who through faith and baptism become members of the Church. Some focus more on the stage of maturation of the Christian faith, thus those who “come from east and west” are the just and holy Christians who have perfected their faith. There is a difference of opinion between Origene and Augustine concerning the word „many”. It should be analyzed in the broader context of their reflections on the universality of salvation. Secondly, the patristic exegesis underlines the eschatological aspect of Christ’ promise. The feast with the patriarchs symbolizes common heritage of faith and Christ is seen as the one who invites all the participants. Thirdly, there is a paranetical aspect of the patristic exegesis. Church Fathers expressed their reflections in the pastoral context, in homilies and spiritual conferences. They point to the quality of the humble faith of the centurion of Capharnaum, which guarantees a future participation in the eschatological feast with the patriarchs.
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