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1

Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: sporcia

100%
Šedinová H.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
|
2017
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vol. 140
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issue 1-2
233-245
EN
The main aim of this article is to identify the origin and meaning of one Latin zoological term in the work of Czech medieval lexicographer Bartholomaeus de Solencia dictus Claretus. The name sporcia, included in the Glossary’s chapter De piscibus and accompanied by the Czech equivalent veprzik (piglet), originates most likely from the classical Latin name porcus marinus. This name, denoting a marine animal with the appearance or behaviour of land pig, appears in several ancient and medieval scientific writings, including the encyclopaedia Liber de natura rerum of Thomas of Cantimpré, an important source for Claretus. In ancient and medieval texts, the same term usually stands for both land and sea animals: porcus – porcus marinus; equus – equus marinus; vacca – vacca marina; lepus – lepus marinus; hirundo – hirundo maris; mus – mus marinus; vipera – vipera maris etc. Claretus, perhaps in an effort to compensate for the lack of the adjective marinus or maris, sets both groups apart by applying phonetic and morphological changes, the most important of which would be the change of gender. Therefore, in Czech medieval context, all the sea counterparts of land animals get their specific names (such as sporcia, equida, vaccus, lepo, yrundia, muria, vipperus), not found in any other medieval sources.
2

Ze staročeského slovníku: Klaretův oměk nebo úmek

100%
Voleková K.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
|
2019
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vol. 142
|
issue 3-4
447-461
EN
The main aim of the article is to reconstruct the form and meaning of the Old Czech equivalent of the Latin term molus preserved in the manuscript of Claretus’ Glossarius in the chapter De piscibus in two forms, vmek and omek. Two different interpretations are possible. They are based on a description of the fishes mulus and mullus, both identified with some uncertainty as a mullet by modern scholars, in the encyclopaedia Liber de natura rerum of Thomas of Cantimpre, a main source for Claretus, as far as zoological terms, especially fish names, are concerned. The first interpretation is based on the Medieval etymology of Isidorus of Sevilla, that mullus is allegedly derived from the Latin adjective mollis “soft”, thus Claretus in all probability connected it with Old Czech měkky “soft”and created the new word oměk with the secondary form uměk. The second interpretation is inspired by the sliding movement of a mullet on the seabed, where a mullet can find seaweed, bivalves, and mud (the description of the food of the mullet comes from Pliny the Elder). The Old Czech umek with the secondary form omek is identified as a derivative of the unpreserved verb *umknuti, which belongs to the Slavonic verbal family mъčati, (s)mъkno˛ti, (s)mykati “to slide, to move fast or suddenly”.
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