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EN
In the subject literature one will encounter the point of view that the recent global financial crisis marks the end of an era in contemporary Western finance. In searching for new ways of developing financial systems, the question can be asked: What can be learnt from Islamic finance? The aim of this article is to try to answer this question by examining the principles of Islamic finance and the construction of the Islamic financial system. We find that, despite existing similarities, the main difference between Islamic finance and the European and American financial systems is that the former is founded on the religious law of Sharia, while, the common standard of Western countries is to maintain separation between church and state. There are also differences in the perception of interest and risk, which make the Islamic financial system complementary to, rather than a substitute for, Western financial systems.
EN
The paper presents the financial issues in Muslim marriage and dissolution of marriage by divorce. Because of the norms regarding inheritance, I do not focus on the law of succession, which also carries very significant financial implications for the heirs of a deceased spouse, and thus issues related to the topic as the subject of the present work. The paper refers frequently to J. Bielawski’s translation of the Koran, as well as to the regulations of the Polish Family and Custody Code and to the literature and Internet sources on that topic. In principle the elaboration has a legal-comparative character.
EN
The article highlights the essential characteristics of the Islamic financial system, its main components and dimensions; identifies the latest trends in the development of Islamic finance in the transformation of the world economy. The peculiarities of the transformation of Islamic finances themselves are revealed. Changes in the distribution of participants in the financial market after Brexit and the impact of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the viability of Islamic finance are outlined. The prospects of their implementation in Great Britain and "strategic centers – colonies" are proved. The preconditions for the formation of an alternative approach to solving the problems of the financial sphere in modern conditions are determined.
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EN
Sukuk form the basis for the development of the Islamic capital market. These instruments are also increasingly used in the financial markets outside the Muslim world. Sukuk lack an equivalent among traditional financial instruments. They may exhibit the characteristics of both debt and equity instruments. Sukuk, as a new category of financial assets, require a closer study and understanding of the nature of their functioning. The work aims at indicating areas creating financial risk of sukuk investments. The determination of the elements of the sukuk construction and the presentation of sukuk trading rules helped learn the sources of market, credit and trading liquidity risk related with these instruments. The work adopts a hypothesis: The most important source of financial risk in sukuk investments is credit risk. Research was conducted using critical analysis of Polish and English books, scientific articles and reports of Islamic financial market institutions. The results of the research conducted helps confirm the adopted hypothesis. The materiality and growing significance of credit risk in investments in the sukuk market where determined. The primary source of that risk is the complicated nature of the sukuk construction, creating problems with an adequate assessment of risks related with the financed project and the manner of securing the interests of investors in the case of bankruptcy of the sukuk issuer.
PL
Sukuk stanowią podstawę rozwoju islamskiego rynku kapitałowego. Instrumenty te coraz częściej znajdują zastosowanie również na rynkach finansowych poza obszarem świata muzułmańskiego. Sukuk nie posiadają odpowiednika wśród tradycyjnych instrumentów finansowych. Mogą wykazywać zarówno cechy instrumentów dłużnych, jak i udziałowych. Jako nowa kategoria aktywów finansowych wymagają bliższego poznania i zrozumienia istoty ich funkcjonowania. Celem pracy było wskazanie obszarów tworzących ryzyko finansowe inwestycji w sukuk. Określenie elementów konstrukcji oraz prezentacja zasad i rynków obrotu sukuk pozwoliło poznać źródła ryzyka rynkowego, kredytowego i płynności obrotu tych instrumentów. W pracy przyjęto hipotezę, że najistotniejszym źródłem ryzyka finansowego inwestycji w sukuk jest ryzyko kredytowe. Badania zrealizowano z wykorzystaniem krytycznej analizy polskich i anglojęzycznych pozycji książkowych, artykułów naukowych oraz raportów instytucji islamskiego rynku finansowego. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwoliły na pozytywną weryfikację przyjętej hipotezy. Wykazano istotności i wzrost znaczenia ryzyka kredytowego w inwestycjach na rynku sukuk. Podstawowym źródłem tego ryzyka jest skomplikowany charakter konstrukcji sukuk stwarzający problemy z właściwą oceną zagrożeń wiążących się z finansowanym projektem oraz sposobu zabezpieczenia interesu inwestorów w przypadku upadłości emitenta sukuk.
EN
The article highlights the essential characteristics of the Islamic financial system, its main components and dimensions, identifies ways and forms of adaptability of the Islamic financial system to modern technological innovations. The financing of the real sector of FinTech on the world's largest financial platforms is analyzed. FinTech tools have been identified that can be considered by Islamic finance experts. Opportunities and challenges in the application of FinTech technologies in Islamic finance are revealed. The P2P tools that have been introduced into the practice of Islamic finance are analyzed. The prospects of implementation of digital financial technologies by the Islamic financial system are proved. The mechanism of functioning of modern innovations in the financial sphere is defined and digital decisions of the Islamic banking sphere are analyzed.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie podstawowych zasad formułowanych przez Islam, które regulują islamski sektor bankowy oraz analiza perspektyw jego rozwoju. Finanse islamskie pełnią coraz ważniejszą funkcję na globalnym rynku kapitałowym. W artykule omówiono wybrane zasady bankowości muzułmańskiej, koncentrując się na jej najistotniejszych cechach. W drugiej części artykułu poddano analizie perspektywy i rozwój finansów islamskich. Szczególny nacisk położono na zbadanie rynku Sukuk, instrumentów których wartość emisji tylko w latach 2008-2012 wzrosła siedmiokrotnie, dzięki czemu stają się coraz bardziej popularne wśród inwestorów.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the fundamental principles formulated by Islam, that govern the Islamic banking sector and an analysis of the prospects for its development. Islamic finance have an increasingly important function in the global capital market. The paper presents selected principles of Islamic banking, focusing on its most important characteristics. The second part of the article analyzes the prospects and development of Islamic finance. Particular emphasis was placed on the exploration of Sukuk market, instruments whose value emissions has increased sevenfold in years 2008-2012, making them progressively popular among investors.
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