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EN
The outbreak and Balkan and Anatolian trajectories of the rebellions of Borkluce Mustafa and Sheikh Bedreddin in 1416 still pose a series of religio-historic problems which still do not allow a satisfactory and detailed reconstruction of their chronology. Widening the investigation of the source base for these uprisings and their following remains a crucial desideratum for a better understanding of the turbulent period of the Ottoman interregnum and the Ottoman-Byzantine transition in eastern Anatolia in the early fifteenth century. Apart from the social and political features of the rebellions (which have been treated in a variety of contrasting ideological and methodological frameworks, their striking religious dimension has been also increasingly attracting scholarly and general attention. Earlier and recent research on the Ottoman interregnum period have occasionally advanced arguments for the active participation of Christian heretical groups, whether Christian dualist (Bogomil or Paulician) or radical apocalyptic insurgents of Eastern or Western Christian provenance. Drawing on new advances in research on religious trends in the late Byzantine and Balkan Orthodox and early Ottoman religious life and inter-religious contacts, the paper will offer an reassessment of the evidence of such proposed Christian heretical presence in the uprisings, while also exploring other venues for the provenance of their religious and trans-confessional underpinnings.
IT
Il Documento sulla fratellanza umana per la pace mondiale e la convivenza comune, firmato ad Abu Dhabi il 4 febbraio 2019 da papa Francesco e da Ahmad Al-Tayyib, Grande iman di al-Azhar, è uno sviluppo dell’insegnamento del Vaticano II e del magistero successivo sulla fraternità che deriva dall’unico Dio Creatore. L’articolo analizza quale idea di fraternità viene proposta e quali sono gli aspetti più sottolineati; affronta anche le critiche che da parte cattolica sono state rivolte a papa Francesco, soprattutto sul modo con cui il Documento presenta il pluralismo religioso. Il Documento è un esempio importante di quali sono oggi le potenzialità del dialogo interreligioso e rappresenta un comune appello all’azione per affrontare varie ingiustizie del nostro mondo.
EN
The Document on Human Brotherhood for World Peace and Common Coexistence, signed in Abu Dhabi on February 4, 2019 by Pope Francis and Ahmad Al-Tayyib, Great Iman of al-Azhar, is a development of the teaching of Vatican II and of the subsequent magisterium on fraternity which derives from the only Creator God. The article analyzes which idea of fraternity is proposed and which are the most underlined aspects; it also addresses the criticisms that on the Catholic side have been addressed to Pope Francis, especially on the way in which the Document presents religious pluralism. The Document is an important example of what the potential of interreligious dialogue is today and represents a common call to action to face various injustices in our world.
PL
Dokument o ludzkim braterstwie na rzecz pokoju na świecie i wspólnej koegzystencji, podpisany w Abu Zabi 4 lutego 2019 roku przez papieża Franciszka i Ahmada Al-Tayyiba, Wielkiego Imama z Al-Azhar, stanowi rozwinięcie nauczania Vaticanum II i kolejne nauczanie o braterstwie, które wywodzi się od jedynego Boga Stwórcy. W artykule zanalizowano, która idea braterstwa jest proponowana i które aspekty są najbardziej podkreślone; odnosi się to również do krytyki skierowanej w stronę katolicką do papieża Franciszka, szczególnie do sposobu, w jaki dokument przedstawia pluralizm religijny. Dokument jest ważnym przykładem tego, jaki potencjał ma dziś dialog międzyreligijny i że stanowi wspólne wezwanie do działania w celu stawienia czoła różnym niesprawiedliwościom w obecnym świecie.
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