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Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy

100%
Secler B.
Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities
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2018
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vol. 8
103-118
EN
The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. The work was inspired by the consultative referendums of 2017 in the regions of Veneto and Lombardia. Their aim was to give the residents a chance to express their views regarding the possible expansion of the autonomy of these two administrative units. As a result of the plebiscites, a significant majority voted for the expansion of the autonomy, which might trigger the pursuit of more permissions for the regions. One has to remember that in accordance with the constitution, Italy is a unanimous and non-divisible state. However, this does not mean that presently (as well as in the future) there are no separatist and autonomous tendencies. The tendencies have historical, economical, cultural, social or political reasons. The aim of the article is to analyze these tendencies on the basis subject literature and sources.
2
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Glosa do wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z dnia 18 marca 2011 r. w sprawie Soile Lautsi v. Italii (skarga nr 30814/06)

86%
Korzeniecka-Lasota A.
Studia Elbląskie
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2011
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vol. 12
469-478
EN
The article recalls the event of 27 July 2006, when Soile Lautsi, an Italian citizen, on behalf of herself and her two minor children Dataico and Sami Albertin, filed a complaint against the Italian Republic with the European Court of Human Rights. Soile Lautsi alleged that the presence of a crucifix in the classrooms of the school her children attended contravenes the idea of freedom of belief and religion and violates her right to raise and teach her children in accordance with her own religious and philosophical convictions (her secular worldview). As the judgment of the Chamber of the Court of 3 November 2009 caused controversy not only in Italy but also in many European countries, governments of many countries, NGOs and members of the European Parliament joined the proceedings before the Court as interveners as a third party.
3
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Zasada pomocniczości w prawie publicznym Włoch

86%
Kruczkowski M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2014
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issue 1(41)
48-62
EN
The article is an attempt to capture the principle of subsidiarity in the Italian public law. In contrast to polish solutions the principle of subsidiarity does not comprise general principle of law. In the article this principle is being reconstructed primarily by the principle of decentralization and also it is presented in limited range, in which it is convened by constitution and normal legislation. Nevertheless the author, regarding to the specifications of Italian institutional solutions, is arguing its existence and functioning in public low of Italian Republic. Owing to the fact the article include also comparative legal values.
4
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Question of national identity as a part of the cultural security of Italy

72%
Kępka E.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
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2021
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vol. 53
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issue 1(199)
50-60
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań podjętych w artykule są najważniejsze uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa kulturowego Republiki Włoskiej. W pierwszej części tekstu opisano i wyjaśniono zagadnienia z zakresu duchowego i materialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego oraz tożsamości narodowej, najważniejszych elementów bezpieczeństwa kulturowego, które stanowi integralną część bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Następnie został poruszony problem włoskiej tożsamości narodowej. Republika Włoska to młode państwo o silnych tożsamościach regionalnych i wciąż jeszcze słabej tożsamości narodowej. Włochy zamieszkuje grup etnicznych i społecznych o często odmiennych kulturach i obyczajach. Sytuację dodatkowo komplikuje zawiła historia Półwyspu Apenińskiego, która przyczyniła się do konfliktu interesów pomiędzy północą a południem kraju. Autorka analizuje czynniki, które determinują narodowość włoską, takie jak: historia, język, religia, poszukując części wspólnych. Społeczeństwo włoskie, jak wspomniano wcześniej, wciąż poszukuje tożsamości narodowej. Zjednoczenie narodu to proces, który nadal trwa. Stanowi wciąż wyzwanie dla władz państwowych i obywateli. Na koniec scharakteryzowano elementy materialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego Włoch oraz opisano dobra dziedzictwa kulturowego i najważniejsze instytucje odpowiedzialne za ich ochronę.
EN
The research subject discussed in the article is the main conditions of the cultural nationality of The Italian Republic. In the first part of the text, the notions of spiritual and material cultural heritage and the concept of national identity are described and explained. Next, the problem of Italian national identity is discussed. The Italian Republic is a young state with a strong regional identity and still weak national identity. Italy is inhabited by many ethnic groups, often characterized by diverse cultures and customs. The situation is complicated by the Italian Peninsula’s history, which contributed to the conflict of interest between the north and south. The author analyzes history, language, and religion, searching for common elements determining Italian nationality. Italian society, as mentioned above, has still been searching for its national identity. Unification of the nation is a process that is in progress. It is still a challenge for both the authorities and the citizens. Finally, the elements of Italian material cultural heritage are characterized, and the domains of cultural heritage and the institutions responsible for their security are described.
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