Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 3

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Józef Szajna
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
PL
Artykuł przeprowadza porównanie między dwiema instytucjami w odniesieniu do problemu kolekcjonowania dzieł sztuki współczesnej oraz muzeum sztuki współczesnej jako składnika awangardowej utopii. Galeria Studio powstała w 1972 roku i działa do dzisiaj przy Teatrze Studio w Warszawie, od początku zajmuje się też gromadzeniem dzieł sztuki najnowszej. Dział sztuki współczesnej w Muzeum Koszalinie powstał w 1976 roku i funkcjonuje w tym samym miejscu do dzisiaj, jednak historia kolekcjonowania sztuki współczesnej przez muzeum w Koszalinie, sięga 1956 kiedy do Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historycznego w Koszalinie nabyto pierwsze prace współczesnych artystów. Muzeum w Koszalinie w 1963 roku otrzymało dar w postaci trzynastu obrazów od Mariana Bogusza, pochodzących ze zbiorów Galerii Krzywego Koła w Warszawie, zaś w sąsiednich Osiekach z jego inicjatywy zaczęły się odbywać plenery gromadzące awangardowych artystów z całej Polski. Organizatorzy plenerów mieli nadzieję, że uda się na bazie lokalnego muzeum zbudować instytucję, która z czasem zamieni się w muzeum sztuki nowoczesnej. Taki plan się nie powiódł. Ostatecznie z marzeń o muzeum w Koszalinie pozostał jedynie zbiór dzieł, zwany dzisiaj „kolekcją osiecką”. W Galerii Studio zbiory sztuki także nie przerodziły się w muzeum, choć chciał tego założyciel galerii Józef Szajna. Autorka rozważa historyczne implikacje oraz możliwe scenariusze przyszłości dwóch zmarginalizowanych w polityce lokalnych władz i macierzystych instytucji, wybitnych zbiorów polskiej sztuki współczesnej.
EN
The preservation of the identity of a complex work of modern art is a difficult challenge for the curator and conservator. The aim of this text is to demonstrate the preservation of a complex work of modern art, through the documentation of its context. The case study concerns the environment Replika created by Józef Szajna in 1971. The preparation of the documentation of the object is preceded by research intended to investigate and define the full significance of this sort of Gesamkunstwerk. The work of Szajna is an example of Total Art. The concept of his environment involves the combination of the material artwork and its message (including the use of readymades), the creation of a theatrical space with the use of lighting and a special atmosphere. The entire combination of the work is necessary in case of its re-exhibition. Conservation through documentation is a solution to the problem of maintaining the authenticity of a work of art which displays features of a Gesamtkunstwerk. In the past museums or galleries were collections of material objects, while today they are collections of works of art distant from the traditional “fine arts” disciplines: hybrid, comprehensive works of art, including those partially or entirely ephemeral. This problem is followed by the issue of the presentation of works of art in a way which includes the ideological and social context and the Artist’s creative individuality. A lot has been achieved throughout the last decade as far as the issue of documentation of works of art integrating various media is concerned. The issue, however, is still a challenge for a conservator-curator. The documentation procedures are facilitated thanks to the creation of various initiatives’ networks and further development of models, standards and tools as well as by the organisation of training sessions. The documentation forms that include various strategies for the protection of interdisciplinary and ephemeral works of art (reconstruction, re-enactment, emulation and reinterpretation) gradually enter the repertoire of methods used to protect world cultural heritage. The language of Szajna’s art gives full expression to this artist’s total creative personality. The moment when a work of art that integrates various media is displayed again is a key test for the effectiveness of its protection strategies. This problem is followed by the issue of the presentation of an artwork in a way which includes the ideological and social context and the artist’s creative individuality. The documentation programs developed by scientists, conservators and artists show the ways to display works of a complex nature, connected with a given space and which aim to engage the viewer. The reception and interaction of the viewer must lead first to the emotional and then the intellectual levels. Its role in fulfilling the meaning of the work leads the viewer through free interpretation. In phenomenological interpretations, the reaction of the viewer is a component element of the work. Therefore is it important that the complex and multi-componential works are each time re-installed in accordance with the original intention of the author which is expressed in the documentation. In my work as conservator and curator I wish to show the necessity of treating the work and the means of preserving its integrity in an homogeneous manner.
PL
Prace Józefa Szajny są niezaprzeczalnie związane z jego niewyobrażalnym doświadczeniem bólu, głodu i traumy, które stały się częścią jego obozowego życia w Auschwitz i Buchenwaldzie. Śmierć wielu ludzi, ich upokorzenie i dehumanizacja sprawiły iż Szajna dorósł szybciej niżby tego oczekiwał.  Wszystkie te doświadczenia odbijają się w jego sztuce, zarówno rysunku jak i dramatach. W swoich pracach wielokrotnie używał fragmentów ubrań, butów, lin, ziemi, plastikowych ludzkich korpusów, fotografii. Trauma drugiej wojny światowej dotknęła go bardzo mocno ale nie złamała. Swoim życiem i twórczością ukazywał jak się odradzać i "powstawać z kolan" jak sam mówił o swojej twórczości.   Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie siły człowieczństwa i godności ludzkiej w przekraczaniu dehumanizacji obecnej w obozach koncentracyjnych.The Experience of Injustice in the Life and Work of Józef SzajnaSUMMARYFor many people the experience of trauma and injustice leaves a painful imprint with which they have to grapple till the end of their lives; they are unable to move beyond the sphere of their own inner suffering. Depression, aversion to living, bitterness is its frequent symptoms. World War 2 brought people inexpressible torments and sufferings. Everybody saved his/her physical and mental life as best as he/she could. The artists tried to break away from this surrounding nightmare by artistic activity. For some of them, art was a way of keeping their mental skill and psychical balance; for others it was a means for survival (especially for those in concentration camps). Józef Szajna (1922-2008) became a prisoner in KL Auschwitz in July 1941. During his imprisonment in the camp he was engaged in the underground activity, for which he was punished and assigned to a penal company where he contracted typhus. Then he was moved to a newly built camp of Birkenau, where he worked as a cleaner. In August 1943 he tried to escape but was caught and sentenced to death. He was waiting for the execution in a death cell for two weeks. On the way to the place of execution, the sentence was unexpectedly canceled. The death penalty was changed into life imprisonment. For six weeks he stayed in a death cell struggling with all possible inconveniences and the stress resulting from the presence of people who were awaiting the execution. After six weeks he was moved to the concentration camp of Buchenwald; he escaped from Buchenwald three weeks before the end of the war. After the war, Szajna started studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow. During his studies he suffered from various illnesses – the result of the years spent in the concentration camps. In 1952 he received a diploma in graphic arts, in 1953 in stage scenery. He graduated from both faculties with distinction. The traumatic experiences of the war, his imprisonment in Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buchenwald formed his personality. The experience of injustice infl uenced his later artistic output. Szajna, through art, “created himself from the beginning”. The author fi rst acquaints us with the subject matter of Szajna’s works, then analyses his selected works: Nasze życiorysy [Our Life Histories], Mrowisko [Swarms], Sylwety i cienie [Silhouettes and Shadows], Reminiscencje [Reminiscences], Drang nach Osten – Drang nach Western (a space composition). The next issues are: matter painting (implemented in Szajna’s works) and the synthesis of painting and theater ( the integral theater of Szajna). At the end, the author presents the artist’s message. His art formed a metaphorical story on the most important problems of human nature and its condition. The repercussions of the war-camp experiences were present in all his performances and plastic works. The greatness of his art consists in that this motif never acquired a naturalistic form or a form of a personal confession. Even when the artist used an authentic document, he gave it a general, symbolic sense creating a universal record of human fate.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.