Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Jędrzej Śniadecki
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Związki Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego z farmacją

100%
Urbanik M.
Opuscula Musealia
|
2019
|
vol. 26
35-44
EN
Jędrzej Śniadecki owed his first contact with pharmacy to Jan Andrzej Szaster (1746–1793), a pharmacist from Kraków and the owner of a pharmacy called “Pod Słońcem”(“Under the Sun”), the first professor of pharmacy and medical matters in Poland. It took place during Śniadecki’s studies at the Principal School of the Realm in Kraków. He broadened his knowledge of medicinal products during his studies abroad. Upon his arrival in Vilnius in 1797, he became the head of the department of chemistry and pharmacy at Vilnius University, where he taught pharmacy in the years 1797–1804. Handwritten texts of his lectures have been preserved in the Archive, thanks to which we can precisely understand their scope today. On behalf of the university, Jędrzej Śniadecki managed the transformation of the former Jesuit Pharmacy into the University Pharmacy.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Theory of organic being by Jędrzej Śniadecki. Revolutionary look at phenomenon of life

94%
Zubek A., Barciszewski J., Belter A., Barciszewski J.
Nauka
|
2018
|
issue 4
EN
In 2018 we celebrate the 250th anniversary of the Jędrzej Śniadecki’s birth. This work aims to show the importance of his thoughts for the development of natural sciences. He studied at some of the largest universities in Europe, where he met great scientists of the Enlightenment. The effects can be seen in his works. He was remembered as a founder of Polish biochemistry, anthropology and pathology, also as the author of chemical terminology and  language. The essence of his thoughts is Theory of organic being, which is an attempt to answer the question: „what is life?”. Jędrzej Śniadecki introduced a new definition of life based on the term „organic power”. This work shows how import are the thoughts of Jędrzej Śniadecki in the context of the times in which he lived, as well as the following development of natural sciences, what makes him and his theories worth memory.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Krakowskie pamiątki po Jędrzeju Śniadeckim

84%
Wyka E.
Opuscula Musealia
|
2019
|
vol. 26
51-57
EN
This article presents the results of a search for memorabilia related to Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838), a prominent Polish chemist, doctor and columnist. He was born in Żnin in Greater Poland, educated in Kraków and his professional life was associated with Vilnius. This search for memorabilia related to Jędrzej Śniadecki (except for archival materials) was conducted in Vilnius and Kalczuny in Belarus, which has a school museum devoted to Jędrzej Śniadecki and other scholars. However, no personal belongings related to the scholar were found at these locations. At present, the only items known to have belonged to Jędrzej Śniadecki are included in the collection of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. These items are: an 18th-century microscope, a line gauge dating to 1834 and a ceremonial spade which formed an element of the academic regalia worn by professors of the Imperial University of Vilnius. The article discusses the above mentioned items and their provenance. In 1964, the microscope was transferred to the Jagiellonian University Museum in Kraków from the Botany Unit of the Jagiellonian University by Professor Władysław Szafer (1886–1970) with the information that it had belonged to Jędrzej Śniadecki. It is a Cuff-type microscope made of wood, cardboard, bone and glass, manufactured in Nuremberg. The microscope attributed to Śniadecki bears the initials JFF. It is not a high quality product, but microscopes from Nuremberg gained popularity as toys rather than test instruments. The second item attributed to Jędrzej Śniadecki is a 24-inch folding line gauge which consists of two parts. It was bought in 1957 by the Jagiellonian University Museum from Professor Andrzej Ciechanowiecki, who had inherited it in 1945 from Maria Kazimierzowa Osiecimska-Czapska (née Śniadecka), a great-granddaughter of Jędrzej Śniadecki. In the family, this item was regarded as a memento of Jędrzej Śniadecki which came from Boltup. Another memento of the scholar is a ceremonial spade. Tradition has it that it belonged to Jędrzej Śniadecki and was an element of the ceremonial regalia worn by the professors of the Imperial University of Vilnius. In 1878, the spade was donated to the Archaeological Cabinet of the Jagiellonian University by Kazimierz Jan Wilczyński (1806–1885), a doctor, art collector, publisher and member of the Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Medycyna w ujęciu Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego

84%
Gryglewski R. W.
Opuscula Musealia
|
2019
|
vol. 26
7-19
EN
Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838) remains one of most eminent scholars of his times. Remembered as a founder of modern chemistry in Poland, one of early pioneers in anthropology and social sciences, and author of the two volume book Theory of organic being (Teoria jestestw organicznych), in which the modern metabolic concept of life processes can be considered as grounded; he was also a highly educated and gifted physician. This paper aims to show the importance of medicine in Śniadecki’s theory of life, in its physiological and pathological manifestations in regard to the clinical model and the medical practice which he followed. It deals with the concept of illness as described in Śniadecki’s writings, focusing on the role of irritation and organic reaction as the major components of his proposed pathological model. The dynamic and variable conditions of diseases are explained by means of metabolic changes, which was a truly pioneering concept, already described in Śniadecki’s earlier theoretical works on the subject of life and nature. The paper discusses the problem of influence in terms of the leading medical doctrines at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, namely those of John Brown (1735–1788) and François Broussais (1772–1838), on Śniadecki as a researcher and practitioner. For practical (clinical) medicine his reserve towards auscultation and percussion, then a slowly gaining field in clinical subjects, is clearly present in Śniadecki’s writings and teaching. His passive and, as far as we can tell, sceptical attitude is explained by the lack of convincing evidence, based on empirical and experimental data, which would enable to connect the physical signs of a diagnosis fulfilled by means of stethoscope to that of the percussion process. It must be remembered that the books by Adam Raciborski (1809–1871) and Joseph Škoda (1805–1881) were both published in the 1830s, where modern diagnosing methods were established using a suitable scientific background to explain their importance. This was too late to influence the clinical work of Śniadecki. The same scepticism, with an obvious demand for strict and experimentally derived data, is probably responsible for the conservative therapy present in Śniadecki’s teaching.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Chemia Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego

43%
Lichocka H.
Opuscula Musealia
|
2019
|
vol. 26
21-34
EN
In Poland, Jędrzej Śniadecki was a continuator and one of the promoters of the French school of chemistry, initiated by the works of Antoine Lavoisier. Śniadecki came into contact with the foundations of this school, which included a new definition of the chemical elements, the principle of mass conservation and the oxygen theory of combustion, while still studying at the university in Kraków. His later studies at European universities and his knowledge of the most recent literature ultimately channelled his views on chemistry. This was reflected in Śniadecki’s academic publications, in particular in his textbook: Początki chemii: stosownie do teraźniejszego tey umiejętności stanu dla pożytku uczniów i słuchaczów ułożony y za wzór lekcyi akademickich służyć mające (The Beginnings of Chemistry: Composed in Accordance with the Current State of This Skill for the Benefit of Students and Auditors to Be Used as a Model for Academic Classes) Vilnius, 1800. It was the first original chemistry textbook in the Polish language. The author used his own chemical terminology, modelled after the new French terminology. The Polish systemic chemical terminology, which conveyed information about the type and composition of a given substance, had been introduced by Śniadecki three years earlier, during his lectures at Vilnius University. The names proposed by Śniadecki caught on and were used in Poland for several decades. Jędrzej Śniadecki’s original contribution to global science was his theory that explained the phenomenon of life and the interdependencies between matter in the animate and inanimate world. This theory, published in the years 1804–1811, in Warsaw in three parts, was translated into German and French. The Polish edition was entitled Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego medycyny doktora Teoria jestestw organicznych ( Theory of Organic Beings by Jędrzej Śniadecki, Medical Doctor). The first part was of great significance for the development of organic chemistry. When this work is compared with later publications by Justus Liebig, it can be shown that Śniadecki’s views had an impact on the writings of this German scholar.
6
Content available remote

WIEDZA O ELEKTRYCZNOŚCI W PIERWSZYCH POLSKICH PODRĘCZNIKACH FIZYKI

34%
Dąbrowski K.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2(51)
21-36
EN
First Polish books on the subject of electricity were published in the 70s of the 18th century. Among them were a guidebook on the installation of lightning conductors by Józef Osiński in 1784 and a physics textbook of 1777, whose extended edition was issued in 1801 (volume 1) and in 1803 (volume 2). Moreover, in the times of the reign of Stanislaus II, Polish physics textbooks appeared: by Samuel Chrościkowski (1764), Józef Rogaliński (4 volumes in the years 1765–1776), Józef Lisikiewicz (two volumes in the years 1779 and 1781), and by Jan Michał Hube (1783 and 1792). In his work the author analyses the state of knowledge at that time concerning the nature of electricity, static electricity, magnetism, lightning discharge, earth charge, conductors and insulators, influence of electricity on living organisms, aurora borealis, as well as evolution of this knowledge at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries and its evaluation from today’s perspective.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.