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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THINKING AND BEING: SCHOLASTIC LINGUISTICS AND JACQUES DERRIDA’S “OF GRAMMATOLOGY“

100%
Stanciene D. M., Darginaviciene I.
Konštantínove listy
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 2
148 - 157
EN
Grammatology theory (science of writing) is directed at phonetics and Jacques Derrida hopes to overcome metaphysics. By returning to the semantic issues of the Middle Ages and the concept that traditional metaphysical content can be brought together into signs and sign theory can help to understand and interpret real ways of being, Derrida tries to reinterpret these ideas and reveal the movement of thought in metaphysics, although he is in doubt whether it will ever be possible to go beyond the methaphysics. Derrida refers to scholastic semantics, analyzes how possible the absolute objectivity of language is, looks into the relationship between voice and writing and emphasizes that in writing the voice is replaced by a sign. He notes the attempts of medieval theologians and philosophers to reveal the content of metaphysics on the basis of the concept of equivocation. To this end, a distinction is made between quod est and quo est modes, and a logical instrumentation is developed to transfer knowledge from one level to another. With the view to transcend Western ontology, Derrida refers to medieval logical linguistics by developing a theory of deconstruction with the destruction of “metaphysics of presence” and a philosophy of “différance”. Derrida’s decision illustrates the dependence of his thinking on the “metaphysics of presence” by raising the links between the sign and time (Here and Now). Emphasizing the differences between temporal and spatial attitudes, Derrida notes that this is important for the non-metaphysical conception of writing. The article employs the comparative-historiographical method and philosophical reflection and considers the relationship between scholastic linguistics and Derrida’s grammatology. To this end, the reflection on the general characteristics and properties of words and the equivocal and univocal features of words in scholastic linguistics and the question of sign in grammatology has been considered.
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Kłopoty z inzynierią filozoficzną

88%
Bogacz J.
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
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2011
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issue 1(9)
7-23
EN
Hilary Putnam once wrote that all these very abstract and seemingly idle philosophical arguments eventually lead to major discoveries in the felds of politics, science, etc. Following this remark, I would like to draw a connection between two debates. The first one is the famous exchange between Jacques Derrida and John Searle - perhaps the most important confrontation between continental and analytic school of philosophy. The second one, far less known, took place at the beginning of our century on the www-tag mailing list. Here Tim Berners-Lee, creator of World Wide Web, and Pat Hayes, one of the leading figures in the field of Artificial Intelligence, were discussing the future of Semantic Web - a very ambitious project from the borderland of AI and network science. My goal is not only to highlight some apparent similarities among arguments used in these two debates. Rather, I would like to show that these arguments are embedded in larger discourses, which, consequently, shape the future of our technological environment.
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DEKONSTRUKCE „NENÍ“ KRITIKA

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Fišerová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 7
515 – 526
EN
The paper focuses on Derrida’s claim that “margins” of philosophy are made of aporias, which bring no solution to the problems that can be positively solved in the centre of Western metaphysics. According to the paper’s hypothesis, Derrida’s work is characterized by a circular movement of subversive translation of idioms into aporias, operating as a guest of resistance which immediately turns back to resignation. In fact, Derrida’s aporia is no logical antinomy, it’s rather an ethical experience of decision without end. This ethics of mistrust inspires Derrida, just like Kafka, to describe the pre-ontological aporias, the logically paralytic places, where it’s impossible to formulate a problem and to propose its solution, let alone to do its critique. For these reasons − and contrary to what is often declared − deconstruction is no critique.
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Dekonstrukcyjność poezji Andrzeja Sosnowskiego

88%
Bujno D.
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 3
325-337
EN
The article tackles the problem of the deconstructive character of Andrzej Sosnowski's poetry. In his analysis, the author employs a few poems to establish the links between Sosnowski's poetic project and the philosophical project of Jacques Derrida, showing how the Polish poet deconstructs the given literary language, encompassing the tradition that ranges from antiquity to modernity.
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JACQUES DERRIDA A POJEM “POSVÄTNÉHO” V PREKLADE

88%
Truhlářová J.
World Literature Studies
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2011
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vol. 3 (20)
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issue 4
12 – 26
EN
Only a part of Derrida´s philosophical articles deals with the topic of translation. However, his contribution to French thinking on translation is undeniable. Mainly he focuses on translation a s a process and within this area he ponders limit possibilities and boundary translation situations: above the “relevance” of translation, limit of traductibility and also the phenomena that can be denominated as “sacred” in translation. Reading Derrida ś key eesays on translation, such as Des Tours de Babel (1984), Théologie de la traduction (1985) and Qu ést-ce qu´une traduction”relevante”? (1998) as well as some experimental texts probing the limits of traductibility, like the parallel texts Journal du bord/Survivre! (1986) we composed the paper in order to delineate traits of Derrida´s “philosophy of translation” and more importantly to show how he perceived “the sacred” in the text and then in the original and translation, as he deems it in the scope of classic German philosophy and thinking of the literary critic Walter Benjamin. The second question to answer, which is closely bound with the term, is to what extent we can attribute the dimension of sacredness to the very process of translation in direct and also indirect sense. Direct sense means that we, along with Derrida, understand translation in three forms, as they were set by Roman Jakobson. And maybe even more interesting to note how this phenomenon is treated in figurative sense, that is to view translation as a transfer, a transaction, as any semantic operation that analyses text and metaphorically interprets the world.
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Locked-in syndrome.Widmo paraliżu i potwór w potrzasku

88%
Baron M.
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 1(18)
113-123
EN
The article is an attempt to compare the cultural existence of a paralyzed body, captured by various discourses, with the stories that include individual experience of ill people. Beside the anti-war cinema, the article discusses Jacques Derrida’s, Tony Judt’s and Jean-Dominique Bauby’s texts. Following Susan Sontag, the aim of interpretation is to show paralysis as a metaphor – a very important one in our culture – which assembles essential fears of contemporary societies: the phantom of immobilization – inertia, which becomes a disorder, and a damage of a medium, a break of communication.
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ODLOŽENÝ VÝZNAM. DERRIDA O SÉMANTICKEJ KONŠTRUKCII A DEŠTRUKCII

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Fišerová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2014
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vol. 69
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issue 1
11 – 21
EN
The paper depicts of representation as decisive for the deconstructivist reading of Plato, Descartes and Rousseau. Derrida is unable to see the crucial difference between construction of meaning in Descartes and its critical destruction in Rousseau. He argues that both of these thinkers operate in order of representation. Despite of their evident disagreement, both of them are involved in the same contradictory building of the metaphysics of presence. On the author’s view, the principle of representation gives their propositions about meaning a double impulse, which simultaneously denounces the mechanism of metaphysics of presence and underlines its philosophical inevitability. That’s why deconstruction intends neither to construct, nor to destroy, but to postpone the meaning. It’s due to his way of reading, that Derrida “traces” precisely this double metaphysical gesture of representation.
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APORIE PODPISU: OPAKOVÁNÍ NEOPAKOVATELNÉHO U DERRIDY A DELEUZE

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Fišerová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2016
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vol. 71
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issue 6
450 – 461
EN
The paper questions the possibility of keeping the legal conception of signature as a constant and repeatable style of handwriting. By comparing double Derrida’s and Deleuze’s ontological semiotics, the author observes that while both thinkers agree that no writer is able to reach identity by repeating his/her traces, they disagree on the reason of this claim. In Derrida, signature is just an aporetical request of the law: in order to confirm our civil identity, we are obliged to repeat manually a trace that can’t be repeated manually. In Deleuze, repetition doesn’t produce identity, but difference: in every signing, the writer is becoming a signature. His/her handwriting is every time shaped by a singular affect, which alternates his/her previous traces. Contrary to Derrida, Deleuze admits a consistence of the author’s style, which is a sign of his continuous affective becoming, becoming-a-name, becoming-a-line.
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DRIFT DEKONŠTRUKCIE

75%
Fišerová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 3
215 – 228
EN
The paper focuses on the methodological problem of interpretation in Jacques Derridaʼs work. In order to build up a new philosophical strategy against the violence of western metaphysics and its indications of full presence or full absence of textʼs meaning, Derrida opens the text to semantic inconsistence. From the point of view of deconstruction, every text reaches other texts by means of its suplements: the text becomes workable, telescopic and spongy. All its meanings are contained in the context, which is unlimited; intertextual meanings are drifting in it. Nevertheless, if Derrida rejects metaphysical certitudes of the meaningʼs presence, why does he criticize certain interpretation of text as “wrong”? What exactly is Derrida doing when he reads a text “critically” and “precisely”? In order to answer these questions, the paper shows the differences between interpretation and dissemination from the point of view of their problematic relation to the text's meaning. By comparing Derrida’s and Eco’s pragmatically ways of reading, the paper focuses on their opposing stands questioning at the same time the conceptual limits of the specific drift of meaning in de-construction.
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