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KRČMÁR, UPÍR, PARAZIT. PREMENY OBRAZU ŽIDA V TVORBE FRANTIŠKA ŠVANTNERA ZO ŠTYRIDSIATYCH ROKOV 20. STOROČIA

100%
Szabó M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 4
331 – 344
EN
The goal of the paper is to stimulate discussion about literary antisemitism in modern Slovak literature exemplified by one of its most notable writers, František Švantner (1912 – 1950). In line with the research trends in the Czech and German contexts, it draws attention to interconnections between literature and other discourses at that time, and the ambivalent nature of depicting Jews in literature, where negative stereotypes are combined with seemingly positive ones (literary „allosemitism“). The analysis of two selected novels and one novella reveals a modernized stereotype of the „Jewish usurer“, which was present in Slovak literature from the early 19th century. Under the influence of the racist discourse the usurer stereotype was transformed into the parasite stereotype using the symbol of blood as the central metaphor. In the novel Nevesta hôľ / The Bride of the Ridge Švantner suggests the variant of vampirism, which is further developed in the novel Život bez konca / Life without an End in the sense of „racial impregnation“, i.e. infection and contagion. In the novella Sedliak / The Peasant thematizing his personal experience with persecution of Jews during the World War II, the ambivalent nature of literary antisemitism is referred to by questioning the victim status of the literary character, who he again portrayed by conforming to the parasite stereotype.
2

GEORG LUKÁCS IN HEIDELBERG: A CROSSROAD BETWEEN THE ACADEMIC AND POLITICAL CAREER

86%
Szabados B.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 1
51 – 64
EN
The following paper tried to summarize Georg Lukács’s possibilities at the turn of the century in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and in Germany. Lukács began his early career in an uncertain era and searched for a ground, where his philosophy is “accepted”. It seemed after several attempts, like the journal Szellem or the Thália that Heidelberg is the centre of intelligentsia, where Lukács can be recognized for his philosophy and where he can find a steady ground for his thoughts. His idea was to habilitate in the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, although the Faculty of Philosophy denied his application from several reasons: Lukács was an outsider in Heidelberg, who could not prove himself with a systematic work, he comes from a foreign country in the time of the war and besides that, he is a Jew. Lukács’s failed attempt to habilitate in Heidelberg is interesting from three points of view: (1) history of philosophy; for instance how philosophy became vocation or what reasons led Lukács to Germany (2) history of ideas; how the position of intelligentsia changed and reshaped during the war and (3) history of university, how the war reshaped the universities. The paper tries to reflect the outcomes of other studies and mentions the archive documents of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University Archives of Heidelberg.
3

LEGISLATÍVNE VYMEDZENIE POJMU ŽID V II. ČESKO-SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE, I. SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE A PROTEKTORÁTE ČECHY A MORAVA V ROKOCH 1938 – 1942

72%
Drgo J.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 2
303 – 323
EN
The article with several chapters is concerned with the gradually increasing strictness of anti-Jewish legislation using the example of the legislative definition of the term “Jew” in the legal systems of the Second Czechoslovak Republic, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the first Slovak Republic. The individual chapters are concerned mainly with the gradual deviation from the original definition given by confessional and nationality criteria to definitions already directly influenced by the German model. We point to the fact that in contrast to the original attempts to define the term Jew on a confessional or nationality basis, which was determined mainly by the existing tradition of anti-Judaism in Czech and Slovak society, the introduction of the so-called Nuremberg definition was a result of the effort of Germany to get others to copy its own anti-Jewish legislation based on the nonsensical idea of the racial distinctness of the Jewish community. This had a much more drastic impact on the Jewish community in our territory. We pay particular attention to government decree no. 63/1939 Sl. z. on definition of the term “Jew” and setting of the number of Jews in some of the free professions, decree no. 198/1941 Sl. z. on the legal position of Jews, government decree no. 136/1940 Sb. z. a n. on the legal position of Jews in public life and finally government decree no. 85/1942 Sb. z. a n., which issued further legal norms on Jews and people of partly Jewish origin.
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